scholarly journals Individual Sensitization Pattern Recognition to Cow’s Milk and Human Milk Differs for Various Clinical Manifestations of Milk Allergy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Schocker ◽  
Skadi Kull ◽  
Christian Schwager ◽  
Jochen Behrends ◽  
Uta Jappe
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Basophil Activation Test ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Single Allergens

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) belongs to one of the most common food allergies in early childhood affecting 2–3% of children under 3 years of age. However, approximately 1% of adults remain allergic to cow’s milk, often showing severe reactions even to traces of milk. In our study, we recruited patients with different clinical manifestations of CMA, including patients with anaphylaxis and less severe symptoms. We assessed the sensitization patterns and allergic responses of these subgroups through different immunological and cell-based methods. Sera of patients were investigated for IgE against whole cow’s milk and its single allergens by CAP- FEIA. In a newly developed in-house multiplex dot assay and a basophil activation test (BAT), cow’s milk allergens, in addition to human breast milk and single allergens from cow’s and human milk were analyzed for IgE recognition and severity of CMA in the included patients. Both the CAP-FEIA routine diagnostic and the multiplex dot test could differentiate CMA with severe from milder allergic reactions by means of the patients’ casein sensitization. The BAT, which mirrors the clinical response in vitro, confirmed that basophils from patients with severe reactions were more reactive to caseins in contrast to the basophils from more moderate CMA patients. By means of this improved component-resolved diagnosis of CMA, individual sensitization patterns could be assessed, also taking sensitization against human milk into consideration.

Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Clyne ◽  
Anthony Kulczycki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

In Vitro Cell-Mediated Immunologic Assay for Cow's Milk Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Azaria Ashkenazi ◽  
Stanley Levin ◽  
Dalia Idar ◽  
Ayala Or ◽  
Ian Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
In Infants And Children

The production of a lymphokine, the leukocyte-migration-inhibition factor (LIF), by peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to an in vitro challenge with bovine β-lactoglobulin was assayed in infants and children suspected of having allergy to cow's milk protein. of the patients studied, 24 had cow's milk allergy, 24 were normal control subjects, 18 had recovered from milk allergy, 10 were newborns, and 10 were babies suffering from acute gastroenteritis. All patients with milk allergy demonstrated significant LIF production in response to β-lactoglobulin (23.5% ± 6.4%). In the normal control subjects, LIF was 3.1% ± 4.3% (P < .0005). Only two of the 24 control subjects and two of the ten newborns had high-normal values bordering on the positive. None of the ten babies with acute gastroenteritis gave a positive response. Most of the children who had recovered from milk allergy and were ingesting cow's milk had negative assays. This cell-mediated immune assay is shown to be a reliable test for the diagnosis of sensitivity to milk protein in infants and children, and for determining dietary treatment and when this treatment can be safely terminated. In most cases, its use should eliminate the need for the potentially dangerous and ethically questionable provocation test, as well as the need for repeated intestinal biopsies.

Development of Food Allergies with Special Reference to Cow's Milk Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Tony Foucard
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy

Using strict criteria, the incidence of cow's milk sensitivity is probably 1% to 2% during the first 2 years of life. Although there is a wide spectrum of sensitivity symptoms caused by cow's milk, two major groups of infants are discernible. One group consists of infants who react to small amounts of cow's milk within a few minutes up to one hour, usually with gastrointestinal symptoms or urticaria. These infants are often atopic and have positive findings on skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) reactions to cow's milk allergens. The other group consists of children whose reaction to cow's milk occurs one hour or longer after intake of cow's milk or cow's milk-based formula. These reactions are usually not immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated and different immune and nonimmune mechanisms probably cause the symptoms. The risk of developing cow's milk sensitivity seems to be influenced by the atopic constitution of the infant and the age at which cow's milk is introduced. Early exposure to cow's milk increases the risk, not only of adverse reactions to this milk but also of developing allergies to other foods. It is suggested that early introduction of cow's milk may enhance the risk of future respiratory allergies. Allergists are still not in agreement as to whether the weaning process should be rapid or should consist of a gradual change from breast milk to cow's milk in order to minimize the risk of cow's milk allergy.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Immunogenic Yogurt Drinks and Probiotic Bacteria on Immunoreactivity of Cow’s Milk Proteins and Tolerance Induction—In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3390
Author(s):  
Barbara Wróblewska ◽  
Anna Kaliszewska-Suchodoła ◽  
Ewa Fuc ◽  
Lidia Hanna Markiewicz ◽  
Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Safe Product

There is no effective therapy for milk allergy. The role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and probiotics in protection against allergy-related outcomes is still under investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulative and therapeutic potential of yogurt drinks in cow’s milk allergy (CMA) management. We compared immunoreactivity of α-casein (α-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), α-lactalbumin (α-LA), and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in 27 yogurt drinks fermented with different basic yogurt cultures, or yogurt cultures enriched with Lactobacillus plantarum and/or Bifidobacterium lactis strains, by competitive ELISA assay. Drinks with the lowest antigenic potential were used as allergoids for CMA therapy. BALB/c mice were sensitized via intraperitoneal injection of α-CN + β-LG mixture with aluminum adjuvant, and gavaged with increasing doses of selected low-immunogenic drinks (YM—basic, or YM-LB—enriched with L. plantarum and B. lactis) to induce tolerance. Milk- or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-dosed mice served as controls. Compared to milk, the immunoreactivity of proteins in drinks increased or decreased, depending on the bacterial sets applied for fermentation. Only a few sets acted synergistically in reducing immunoreactivity. The selected low-immunogenic drinks stimulated allergic mice for profiling Th2 to Th1 response and acquire tolerance, and the effect was greater with YM-LB drink, which during long-lasting interventional feeding strongly increased the secretion of regulatory cytokines, i.e., IL-10 and TGF-β, and IgA and decreased IL-4, IgE, and anti-(α-CN + β-LG) IgG1. The studies revealed variations in the potency of yogurt bacteria to change allergenicity of milk proteins and the need for their strict selection to obtain a safe product for allergy sufferers. The YM-LB drink with reduced antigenic potential may be a source of allergoids used in the immunotherapy of IgE mediated CMA, but further clinical or volunteer studies are required.

Rapid and sensitive detection of cow's milk allergy by in vitro basophil acitvation

2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. S215-S215
Author(s):  
Bernard Arnoux ◽  
Monique Rongier ◽  
Satomi Kamei ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
Jacques De Blic
Keyword(s):  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy

scholarly journals Role of maternal elimination diets and human milk IgA in the development of cow's milk allergy in the infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Järvinen ◽  
J. E. Westfall ◽  
M. S. Seppo ◽  
A. K. James ◽  
A. J. Tsuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy

scholarly journals Nutritional Management of Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants: A Comparison of DRACMA, ESPGHAN, and AAP Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Emely L. Barrera ◽  
Carlett Ramirez-Farias ◽  
Barbara J. Marriage
Keyword(s):  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Practical Tool

Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies presented during infancy and childhood. The diagnosis and management of CMA is a complex task. First and foremost, CMA is manifested by a variety of symptoms classified by their type of mediation (either IgE and/or non-IgE responses), organ systems involved, and the onset of the reaction. Second, although several guidelines for the management of CMA have been published worldwide, they differ in their recommendations. To our knowledge, no global consensus exists for the management of the different symptoms associated with CMA. This review provides a table to compare three widely accepted published guidelines to enable the reader to easily navigate and compare the nutritional recommendations to be followed depending on the symptomatology. This review is intended to represent a practical tool to assess the nutritional recommendations for the management of CMA.

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