Orosensory Perception of Fat/Sweet Stimuli and Appetite-Regulating Peptides before and after Sleeve Gastrectomy or Gastric Bypass in Adult Women with Obesity

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of bariatric surgery on fat and sweet taste perceptions and to determine the possible correlations with gut appetite-regulating peptides and subjective food sensations. Women suffering from severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) were studied 2 weeks before and 6 months after a vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG, n = 32) or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 12). Linoleic acid (LA) and sucrose perception thresholds were determined using the three-alternative forced-choice procedure, gut hormones were assayed before and after a test meal and subjective changes in oral food sensations were self-reported using a standardized questionnaire. Despite a global positive effect of both surgeries on the reported gustatory sensations, a change in the taste sensitivity was only found after RYGB for LA. However, the fat and sweet taste perceptions were not homogenous between patients who underwent the same surgery procedure, suggesting the existence of two subgroups: patients with and without taste improvement. These gustatory changes were not correlated to the surgery-mediated modifications of the main gut appetite-regulating hormones. Collectively these data highlight the complexity of relationships between bariatric surgery and taste sensitivity and suggest that VSG and RYGB might impact the fatty taste perception differently.

Download Full-text

Quality of Life before and after Sleeve Gastrectomy in Lebanese Population

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2019/1952538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Marwan Alkassis ◽

Fady Gh Haddad ◽

Joseph Gharios ◽

Roger Noun ◽

Ghassan Chakhtoura

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Sexual Pleasure ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Introduction. Obesity is increasing worldwide and in Lebanon with a negative impact on the quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to measure the quality of life in obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery, depending on age, sex, and degree of weight loss. A secondary objective is to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on comorbidities associated with obesity. Materials and methods. Patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 between August 2016 and April 2017 were included. Participants completed the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II (MA II) prior to operation and one year after. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistics version 20.0. Results. 75 patients participated in the study. The majority were women (75%), and the mean age was 36.3 years. The mean weight loss was 36.57 kg (16–76). Initially, the total MA II score was −0.33 ± 0.93. Postoperatively, it increased to 1.68 ± 0.62 (p≤0.001). All MA II parameters improved after surgery (p≤0.001), but this improvement was independent of age and sex. Improvement in self-esteem, physical activity, work performance, and sexual pleasure was influenced by the degree of weight loss (p≤0.001). All comorbidities associated with obesity regressed significantly after sleeve gastrectomy (p<0.05) with the exception of gastroesophageal reflux and varicose veins of the lower limbs. Conclusion. Sleeve gastrectomy improves quality of life and allows reduction of comorbidities.

Download Full-text

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Eating Behavior and Sweet Taste Perception in Subjects with Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10010018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Katie Nance ◽

J. Eagon ◽

Samuel Klein ◽

Marta Pepino

Keyword(s):

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Taste Perception

Download Full-text

GLP-1: A Mediator of the Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery?

Physiology ◽

10.1152/physiol.00027.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 50-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sean Manning ◽

Andrea Pucci ◽

Rachel L. Batterham

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

There has been increasing interest in the role that gut hormones may play in contributing to the physiological changes produced by certain bariatric procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Here, we review the evidence implicating one such gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1, as a mediator of the metabolic benefits of these two procedures.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Liver Recovery After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05390-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophia M.-T. Schmitz ◽

Andreas Kroh ◽

Alexander Koch ◽

Jonathan F. Brozat ◽

Christine Stier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Liver Function ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Function Recovery ◽

Male Sex ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition in patients with obesity. Bariatric surgery has often been proposed as a viable treatment option, but the ideal surgical procedure remains unclear. Inconsistently, reports on postoperative deterioration of liver function put further doubt on which technique to apply. Aim of this study was to assess the impact of Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on the postoperative recovery of liver function. Methods A total of 175 patients with obesity that underwent bariatric surgery in our institution were included in this prospective cohort study. BMI, laboratory values, and liver function capacity (using LiMAx) were assessed preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Generalized linear model (GLM) was performed to determine variables influencing liver function capacity after the operation. Results Prior to operations, 64% of patients presented with a diminished liver function capacity, as measured by LiMAx test. Liver function capacity significantly recovered after 12 months in the SG group (300 μg/kg/h preop vs. 367 μg/kg/h postop) but not in the RYGB group (306 μg/kg/h preop vs. 349 μg/kg/h). Preoperative factors impeding liver function recovery included type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), weight, male sex, AST/thrombocyte ratio (APRI), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Conclusion Bariatric surgery, especially sleeve gastrectomy, leads to an improvement of liver function. However, in some patients with T2DM, higher preoperative weight and male sex postoperative deterioration of liver function capacity may occur. Graphical abstract

Download Full-text

O-B06 The Impact of Covid-19 on Bariatric surgery in England during 2020

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab429.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Sandland-Taylor ◽

Barbara Jenkins ◽

Ian Beckingham

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽

Local Level ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Similar Reduction ◽

Gastric Bands ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on NHS services across England. Due to the significant rise in demand for beds in both ward and ITU environments, trusts were forced to reduce the number of operations carried out to help reduced the burden on secondary care services. Whilst efforts were made to preserve operations where possible, the Covid-19 burden has had a significant impact on bariatric surgery throughout 2020. The following research looks at the true impact of Covid-19 on bariatric surgery in England and analyses this in relation to the Covid-19 burden. Methods Data relating to operation numbers was taken from The Surgical Workload Outcomes Audit (SWORD) database. The SWORD database was interrogated for the years 2017 – 2020. A mean number of operations was calculated using the 2017-2019 data and compared to data from 2020 for gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding and biliopancreatic diversion. Operations performed and other demographic data was analysed regionally and compared to Covid-19 deaths throughout England. Covid-19 data was obtained from the national government dashboards. Results The results of the study show that Nationally there was a significant decline in bariatric surgery operations carried out throughout 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Overall there was a 53.5% reduction in bariatric surgery operations carried out in 2020. Looking at the individual operation types, there was a 50.7% reduction in gastric bypass surgery, a 50% reduction in biliopancreatic diversion and a 51.9% reduction in sleeve gastrectomy. There was a greater reduction in gastric bands, with a 78.1 % reduction in procedures which may also reflect changes in current practice with regards to the use of gastric bands. On reviewing data at a local level, all trusts were significantly impacted by the pandemic with the reduction in services ranging from 50% to 100% reduction in operations performed. Conclusions Overall, despite national efforts to preserve as many operations as possible, there was a significant reduction in the delivery of bariatric surgery services throughout England during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to this reduction in service provision, it is likely that there are now much larger waiting lists which will need to be addressed as we recover from the Covid-19 pandemic. Whilst there was a similar reduction in services across most trusts due to the elective nature of the operations, variation should be further analysed to allow for better planning and resource allocation for futor future waves or future pandemics.

Download Full-text

Food preferences and underlying mechanisms after bariatric surgery

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665115002074 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 419-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Preeshila Behary ◽

Alexander D. Miras

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

High Energy ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Fatty Food

Bariatric surgery leads to significant long-term weight loss, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The mechanisms underlying weight loss have not been fully uncovered. The aim of this review is to explore the changes in food preferences, as a novel mechanism contributing to weight loss, and also focus on the underlying processes modulating eating behaviour after bariatric surgery. Patients after gastric bypass are less hungry and prefer healthier food options. They develop an increased acuity to sweet taste, which is perceived as more intense. The appeal of sweet fatty food decreases, with functional MRI studies showing a corresponding reduction in activation of the brain reward centres to high-energy food cues. Patients experiencing post-ingestive symptoms with sweet and fatty food develop conditioned aversive behaviours towards the triggers. Gut hormones are elevated in RYGB and have the potential to influence the taste system and food hedonics. Current evidence supports a beneficial switch in food preferences after RYGB. Changes within the sensory and reward domain of taste and the development of post-ingestive symptoms appear to be implicated. Gut hormones may be the mediators of these alterations and therefore exploiting this property might prove beneficial for designing future obesity treatment.

Download Full-text

Gut microbiota characterisation in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2017.0152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 367-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. Campisciano ◽

S. Palmisano ◽

C. Cason ◽

M. Giuricin ◽

M. Silvestri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Good Health ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Before And After

Intestinal microbiota analysis of obese patients after bariatric surgery showed that Proteobacteria decreased after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), while it increased after laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB). Comparing to normal weight (NW) patients, obese patients that were selected for SG showed an almost equal amount of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the ratio was not affected by the surgery. Obese patients before LGB showed a predominance of Bacteroidetes, whose amount regained a relative abundance similar to NW patients after surgery. Obese patients before LGB showed the predominance of Bacteroides, which decreased after surgery in favour of Prevotella, a bacterium associated with a healthy diet. The bacteria detected at the highest percentages belonged to biofilm forming species. In conclusion, in this study, we found that the characterization of the gut microbial communities and the modality of mucosal colonisation have a central role as markers for the clinical management of obesity and promote the maintenance of good health and the weight loss.

Download Full-text

Recombinant Human Leptin Does Not Alter Gut Hormone Levels after Gastric Bypass but May Attenuate Sweet Cravings

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/120286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rushika Conroy ◽

Gerardo Febres ◽

Donald J. McMahon ◽

Michael O. Thorner ◽

Bruce D. Gaylinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

Liquid Meal ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Sweet Cravings ◽

The Impact ◽

To Receive ◽

Reduced State

Bariatric surgery improves glucose homeostasis and alters gut hormones partly independent of weight loss. Leptin plays a role in these processes; levels are decreased following bariatric surgery, creating a relative leptin insufficiency. We previously showed that leptin administration in a weight-reduced state after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) caused no further weight loss. Here, we discuss the impact of leptin administration on gut hormones, glucostasis, and appetite. Weight stable women after RYGB were randomized to receive placebo or recombinant human metreleptin (0.05 mg/kg twice daily). At weeks 0 and 16, a liquid meal challenge was performed. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, PYY, glucagon, and ghrelin (total, acyl, and desacyl) were measured fasting and postprandially. Appetite was assessed using a visual analog scale. Mean post-op period was53±2.3months; mean BMI was34.6±0.2 kg/m2. At 16 weeks, there was no significant change in weight within or between groups. Fasting PYY was significantly different between groups and the leptin group had lower sweets craving at week 16 than the placebo group (P<0.05). No other differences were observed. Leptin replacement does not alter gut hormones or glucostasis but may diminish sweet cravings compared to placebo in this population of post-RYGB women.

Download Full-text