Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet

Background: The aim of the study was to establish whether the use of a strict milk-free diet in children with cow’s milk allergy, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, also extinguishes the inflammatory reaction induced by the allergy. Methods: We examined 64 children (aged 3–6 years) with a diagnosed cow’s milk allergy who had been treated with an elimination diet for at least six months and showed remission of the disease’s clinical symptoms as a result of the treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet. Concentrations of cytokines, calprotectin, and adipokines (leptin, resistin, chemerin, neutrophilic lipocalin associated with gelatinase—NGAL) were determined in the serum samples obtained from the studied children by immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Patients with CMA had significantly higher median values of serum IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL in comparison to the healthy children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum concentrations of IL-10, leptin, calprotectin and CRP as well as in WBC count were in the same range in both studied groups. We observed direct statistically significant correlations between levels of IL-10 and CRP (p = 0.005), IL-10 and WBC (p = 0.045), TNF-α and WBC (p = 0.038), calprotectin and WBC (p < 0.001), chemerin and CRP (p < 0.001) as well as between NGAL and WBC (p = 0.002) in children with CMA. Conclusion: The use of a strict milk-free diet by children with CMA, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, does not seem to extinguish the inflammation induced by the allergy. The findings of this study—elevated IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL levels in patients with CMA—suggest that these parameters seem to be involved in the generation of a low-grade proinflammatory environment observed in cow‘s milk allergy and could be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Download Full-text

The time-course of milk antigen–induced TNF-α secretion differs according to the clinical symptoms in children with cow’s milk allergy

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70300-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 863-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Nadia Benlounes ◽

Céline Candalh ◽

Pellegrino Matarazzo ◽

Christophe Dupont ◽

Martine Heyman

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Tnf Α

Download Full-text

Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.22541/au.162786459.90340572/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lujing Tang ◽

Yu Yu ◽

Xiangyuan Pu ◽

Jie Chen

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Oral Immunotherapy ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Ige Mediated

Background: Cow’s milk allergy(CMA) is the most common allergy in infants that decreases the quality of life of patients and their families. Standard treatment for CMA is the strict avoidance of milk, new treatment strategies such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been sought for patients with CMA . We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of OIT in the treatment of children with IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy (IMCMA). Methods: We searched all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which OIT is used to treat children with IMCMA from 5 international electronic databases. We estimated a pooled relative ratio (RR) for each outcome using a Mantel-Haenzel fixed-effect model if statistical heterogeneity was low. Results: Eleven studies were chosen for meta-analysis, including a total of 469 children (242 OIT, 227 control). 176 patients (72.7%) in the OIT were desensitized compared to 49 patients in the control group (RR 7.35, 95%CI 2.82-19.13, p<0.0001). The desensitization effect of OIT was particularly significant in children over 3 years old (RR 18.05, 95%CI 6.48-50.26, p<0.00001). Although adverse effects were common, they usually involved mild reactions, but epinephrine use was more common in the OIT group (RR 7.69, 95%CI 2.16-27.33, p<0.002). Conclusion: OIT can lead to desensitization in the majority of individuals with IMCMA, especially in patients over 3-years old. A major problem of OIT is the frequency of adverse events, although most are mild. OIT may be an alternative treatment in the future.

Download Full-text

Treatment with synthetic β-lactoglobulin peptides can prevent clinical symptoms in a mouse model for cow’s milk allergy

Clinical and Translational Allergy ◽

10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p83 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. P83

Author(s):

L Meulenbroek ◽

B van Esch ◽

G Hofman ◽

A Nauta ◽

L Willemsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Download Full-text

Oral treatment with β-lactoglobulin peptides prevents clinical symptoms in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1111/pai.12120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 656-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Laura A. P. M. Meulenbroek ◽

Betty C. A. M. van Esch ◽

Gerard A. Hofman ◽

Constance F. den Hartog Jager ◽

Alma J. Nauta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Download Full-text

Treatment with synthetic β-lactoglobulin peptides can prevent clinical symptoms in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy

PharmaNutrition ◽

10.1016/j.phanu.2013.11.029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 84-85

Author(s):

L.A.P.M. Meulenbroek ◽

B.C.A.M. van Esch ◽

G.A. Hofman ◽

C.F. den Hartog Jager ◽

A.J. Nauta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Download Full-text

Selenium Modulates the Allergic Response to Whey Protein in a Mouse Model for Cow’s Milk Allergy

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2479

Author(s):

Xiaoli Zhao ◽

Suzan Thijssen ◽

Hongbing Chen ◽

Johan Garssen ◽

Leon M. J. Knippels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Cow's Milk Allergy ◽

Increased Risk

Cow’s milk allergy is a common food allergy in infants, and is associated with an increased risk of developing other allergic diseases. Dietary selenium (Se), one of the essential micronutrients for humans and animals, is an important bioelement which can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the effects of Se on food allergy are still largely unknown. In the current study it was investigated whether dietary Se supplementation can inhibit whey-induced food allergy in an animal research model. Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were intragastrically sensitized with whey protein and cholera toxin and randomly assigned to receive a control, low, medium or high Se diet. Acute allergic symptoms, allergen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and mast cell degranulation were determined upon whey challenge. Body temperature was significantly higher in mice that received the medium Se diet 60 min after the oral challenge with whey compared to the positive control group, which is indicative of impaired anaphylaxis. This was accompanied by reductions in antigen-specific immunoglobulins and reduced levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). This study demonstrates that oral Se supplementation may modulate allergic responses to whey by decreasing specific antibody responses and mMCP-1 release.

Download Full-text