scholarly journals Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2389
Author(s):  
Monica Gianna Giroli ◽  
José Pablo Werba ◽  
Patrizia Risé ◽  
Benedetta Porro ◽  
Angelo Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total N ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) prevents cardiovascular disease by different putative mechanisms, including modifications in the blood fatty acid (FA) profile. Polytherapy for secondary cardiovascular prevention might mask the effect of MD on the FA profile. This study was aimed to assess whether MD, in comparison with a low-fat diet (LFD), favorably modifies the blood FA profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) on polytherapy. One hundred and twenty patients with a recent history of coronary stenting, randomized to MD or to LFD, completed 3 months of this open-label dietary intervention study. Diet Mediterranean-ness was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) score. Both diets significantly reduced saturated FA (p < 0.01). Putative favorable changes in total n-3 FA (p = 0.03) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA; p = 0.04) were significantly larger with MD than with LFD. At 3 months, in the whole cohort, the MeDAS score correlated inversely with palmitic acid (R = −0.21, p = 0.02), and with palmitoleic acid (R = −0.32, p = 0.007), and positively with total n-3 FA (R = 0.19, p = 0.03), EPA (R = 0.28, p = 0.002), and EPA + DHA (R = 0.21, p = 0.02). In CHD patients on polytherapy, both MD and LFD shift FA blood composition towards a healthier profile, with a more favorable effect of MD on omega−3 levels.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buckland ◽  
C. A. Gonzalez ◽  
A. Agudo ◽  
M. Vilardell ◽  
A. Berenguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals The Mediterranean diet: science and practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1a) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C Willett
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of research relevant to the Mediterranean diet.DesignPersonal perspectives.SettingInternational.SubjectPopulations in Europe, North America, Asia.ResultsApproximately 50 years ago, Keys and colleagues described strikingly low rates of coronary heart disease in the Mediterranean region, where fat intake was relatively high but largely from olive oil. Subsequent controlled feeding studies have shown that compared to carbohydrate, both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats reduce LDL and triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol. Importantly, these beneficial metabolic effects are greater in the presence of underlying insulin resistance. In a detailed analysis within the Nurses' Health Study, trans fat from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (absent in traditional Mediterranean diets) was most strongly related to risk of heart disease, and both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat were inversely associated with risk. Epidemiologic evidence has also supported beneficial effects of higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fish, and daily consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol. Together with regular physical activity and not smoking, our analyses suggest that over 80% of coronary heart disease, 70% of stroke, and 90% of type 2 diabetes can be avoided by healthy food choices that are consistent with the traditional Mediterranean diet.ConclusionBoth epidemiologic and metabolic studies suggest that individuals can benefit greatly by adopting elements of Mediterranean diets.

Chronic consumption of a low-fat diet improves cardiometabolic risk factors according to theCLOCKgene in patients with coronary heart disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2556-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gomez-Delgado ◽  
Antonio Garcia-Rios ◽  
Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz ◽  
Oriol Rangel-Zuñiga ◽  
Javier Delgado-Lista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

scholarly journals Study Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Tackle Obesity through a Mediterranean Diet vs. a Traditional Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents: The MED4Youth Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Noemi Boqué ◽  
Lucía Tarro ◽  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Helena Torrell ◽  
Guillermo Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Youth Obesity

Youth obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity, which has well-known negative health consequences. Thus, addressing adult obesity requires tackling youth obesity. MED4Youth’s main objective is to strengthen the link between the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the health benefits against youth obesity and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, identifying positive effects exerted by an MD including sourdough bread and healthy products from the Mediterranean basis (chickpeas/hummus, nuts, and pomegranate juice). For this purpose, a multicenter randomized controlled trial in which an MD-based intervention will be compared to a traditional low-fat diet intervention will be carried out with 240 overweight and obese adolescents (13–17 years) from Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Both interventions will be combined with an educational web-application addressed to engage the adolescents through a learning-through-playing approach, using both educational materials and games. To assess the interventions, adherence to the MD, dietary records, physical activity, food frequency, sociodemographic, and quality of life questionnaires as well as classical anthropometric and biochemical parameters will be evaluated. Furthermore, an omics approach will be performed to elucidate whether the interventions can shape the gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites to gain knowledge on the mechanisms through which the MD can exert its beneficial effects.

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