scholarly journals Disparities in Oral Nutritional Supplement Usage and Dispensing Patterns across Primary Care in Ireland: ONSPres Project

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Laura McBean ◽  
Sarah Browne ◽  
Patricia Dominguez Castro ◽  
Ciara M. E. Reynolds ◽  
...  

When treating malnutrition, oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are advised when optimising the diet is insufficient; however, ONS usage and user characteristics have not been previously analysed. A retrospective secondary analysis was performed on dispensed pharmacy claim data for 14,282 anonymised adult patients in primary care in Ireland in 2018. Patient sex, age, residential status, ONS volume (units) and ONS cost (EUR) were analysed. The categories of ‘Moderate’ (<75th centile), ‘High’ (75th–89th centile) and ‘Very High’ ONS users (≥90th centile) were created. The analyses among groups utilised t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and chi-squared tests. This cohort was 58.2% female, median age was 76 years, with 18.7% in residential care. The most frequently dispensed ONS type was very-high-energy sip feeds (45% of cohort). Younger males were dispensed more ONSs than females (<65 years: median units, 136 vs. 90; p < 0.01). Patients living independently were dispensed half the volume of those in residential care (112 vs. 240 units; p < 0.01). ‘Moderate’ ONS users were dispensed a yearly median of 84 ONS units (median cost, EUR 153), ‘High’ users were dispensed 420 units (EUR 806) and ‘Very High’ users 892 yearly units (EUR 2402; p < 0.01). Further analyses should focus on elucidating the reasons for high ONS usage in residential care patients and younger males.

1964 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Feinberg ◽  
Dmitrii S. Chernavskii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Whitmore ◽  
R. I. Mackay ◽  
M. van Herk ◽  
J. K. Jones ◽  
R. M. Jones

AbstractThis paper presents the first demonstration of deeply penetrating dose delivery using focused very high energy electron (VHEE) beams using quadrupole magnets in Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the focal point is readily modified by linearly changing the quadrupole magnet strength only. We also present a weighted sum of focused electron beams to form a spread-out electron peak (SOEP) over a target region. This has a significantly reduced entrance dose compared to a proton-based spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). Very high energy electron (VHEE) beams are an exciting prospect in external beam radiotherapy. VHEEs are less sensitive to inhomogeneities than proton and photon beams, have a deep dose reach and could potentially be used to deliver FLASH radiotherapy. The dose distributions of unfocused VHEE produce high entrance and exit doses compared to other radiotherapy modalities unless focusing is employed, and in this case the entrance dose is considerably improved over existing radiations. We have investigated both symmetric and asymmetric focusing as well as focusing with a range of beam energies.


1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisei Kinoshita ◽  
Akira Minaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Sumiyoshi

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 (1) ◽  
pp. L18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Tanaka ◽  
C. C. Cheung ◽  
Y. Inoue ◽  
Ł. Stawarz ◽  
M. Ajello ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shaheen ◽  
F. D. Becchetti ◽  
D. A. Roberts ◽  
J. W. Jänecke ◽  
R. L. Stern ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Block ◽  
L. Stodolsky

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Olesch ◽  
Gerd Häusler ◽  
André Wörnlein ◽  
Friedrich Stinzing ◽  
Christopher van Eldik

AbstractWe discuss the inspection of large-sized, spherical mirror tiles by ‘Phase Measuring Deflectometry’ (PMD). About 10 000 of such mirror tiles, each satisfying strict requirements regarding the spatial extent of the point-spread-function (PSF), are planned to be installed on the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a future ground-based instrument to observe the sky in very high energy gamma-rays. Owing to their large radii of curvature of up to 60 m, a direct PSF measurement of these mirrors with concentric geometry requires large space. We present a PMD sensor with a footprint of only 5×2×1.2 m


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