scholarly journals Phenotypic Stability of Energy Balance Responses to Experimental Total Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Restriction in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dennis ◽  
Andrea Spaeth ◽  
Namni Goel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals O040 Sleep restriction impairs the ability to integrate multiple pieces of information into a decision

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A17-A17
Author(s):  
S Drummond ◽  
J Lim ◽  
J Boardman ◽  
C Anderson ◽  
D Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sleep deprivation impacts overall decision-making, though the impact on specific components of decision-making are less well studied, especially outside of total sleep deprivation. Here, we examine the effects of sleep restriction on the ability to integrate multiple pieces of information into a decision. Methods Healthy adults (n=41; age=27.9±6.0 years, 20F) lived in the sleep lab for 2 counterbalanced conditions: well-rested (WR: 9-hour sleep opportunity for 4 nights) and sleep restriction (SR: one 9-hour night, followed by three 3-hour nights). Following the last night of each condition, participants performed the decision task. Across 48 trials, participants first saw two containers, with different numbers of black and white balls. Eight balls were randomly drawn, with replacement, from one unknown container. Participants decided which container was used, based on the “odds” each container was used and draw results (“evidence”). Mathematical modelling determined the amount of weight given to odds/evidence. The “best” decisions integrate both pieces of information. Results When WR, participants utilised both pieces of information to make their decisions, though odds were given slightly more weight. During SR, the amount of weight given to the odds did not change, and the weight given to the evidence decreased significantly. Conclusion SR impaired the ability to integrate multiple pieces of information into a decision. Instead, participants focused on a single piece of easy-to-understand information and did not fully utilise a harder-to-understand piece of information. This has implications for complex applied environments where individuals have large amounts of information with which to make decisions.

scholarly journals Residual, differential neurobehavioral deficits linger after multiple recovery nights following chronic sleep restriction or acute total sleep deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M Yamazaki ◽  
Caroline A Antler ◽  
Charlotte R Lasek ◽  
Namni Goel
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives The amount of recovery sleep needed to fully restore well-established neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss remains unknown, as does whether the recovery pattern differs across measures after total sleep deprivation (TSD) and chronic sleep restriction (SR). Methods In total, 83 adults received two baseline nights (10–12-hour time in bed [TIB]) followed by five 4-hour TIB SR nights or 36-hour TSD and four recovery nights (R1–R4; 12-hour TIB). Neurobehavioral tests were completed every 2 hours during wakefulness and a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test measured physiological sleepiness. Polysomnography was collected on B2, R1, and R4 nights. Results TSD and SR produced significant deficits in cognitive performance, increases in self-reported sleepiness and fatigue, decreases in vigor, and increases in physiological sleepiness. Neurobehavioral recovery from SR occurred after R1 and was maintained for all measures except Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) lapses and response speed, which failed to completely recover. Neurobehavioral recovery from TSD occurred after R1 and was maintained for all cognitive and self-reported measures, except for vigor. After TSD and SR, R1 recovery sleep was longer and of higher efficiency and better quality than R4 recovery sleep. Conclusions PVT impairments from SR failed to reverse completely; by contrast, vigor did not recover after TSD; all other deficits were reversed after sleep loss. These results suggest that TSD and SR induce sustained, differential biological, physiological, and/or neural changes, which remarkably are not reversed with chronic, long-duration recovery sleep. Our findings have critical implications for the population at large and for military and health professionals.

137 Recovery Dynamics in a Biomathematical Model of Fatigue

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A56-A56
Author(s):  
Mark McCauley ◽  
Peter McCauley ◽  
Hans Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Recovery Sleep

Abstract Introduction In commercial aviation and other operational settings where biomathematical models of fatigue are used for fatigue risk management, accurate prediction of recovery during rest periods following duty periods with sleep loss and/or circadian misalignment is critical. The recuperative potential of recovery sleep is influenced by a variety of factors, including long-term, allostatic effects of prior sleep/wake history. For example, recovery tends to be slower after sustained sleep restriction versus acute total sleep deprivation. Capturing such dynamics has proven to be challenging. Methods Here we focus on the dynamic biomathematical model of McCauley et al. (2013). In addition to a circadian process, this model features differential equations for sleep/wake regulation including a short-term sleep homeostatic process capturing change in the order of hours/days and a long-term allostatic process capturing change in the order of days/weeks. The allostatic process modulates the dynamics of the homeostatic process by shifting its equilibrium setpoint, which addresses recently observed phenomena such as reduced vulnerability to sleep loss after banking sleep. It also differentiates the build-up and recovery rates of fatigue under conditions of chronic sleep restriction versus acute total sleep deprivation; nonetheless, it does not accurately predict the disproportionately rapid recovery seen after total sleep deprivation. To improve the model, we hypothesized that the homeostatic process may also modulate the allostatic process, with the magnitude of this effect scaling as a function of time awake. Results To test our hypothesis, we added a parameter to the model to capture modulation by the homeostatic process of the allostatic process build-up during wakefulness and dissipation during sleep. Parameter estimation using previously published laboratory datasets of fatigue showed this parameter as significantly different from zero (p<0.05) and yielding a 10%–20% improvement in goodness-of-fit for recovery without adversely affecting goodness-of-fit for pre-recovery days. Conclusion Inclusion of a modulation effect of the allostatic process by the homeostatic process improved prediction accuracy in a variety of sleep loss and circadian misalignment scenarios. In addition to operational relevance for duty/rest scheduling, this finding has implications for understanding mechanisms underlying the homeostatic and allostatic processes of sleep/wake regulation. Support (if any) Federal Express Corporation

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism after Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva‐Maria Elmenhorst ◽  
Eva Hennecke ◽  
Denise Lange ◽  
Judith Fronczek ◽  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals O039 Differential effects of sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on error awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A17-A17
Author(s):  
J Boardman ◽  
M Bravo ◽  
T Andrillon ◽  
C Anderson ◽  
S Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Occupational Settings

Abstract Introduction The ability to detect and subsequently correct errors is important in preventing the detrimental consequences of sleep loss. We report the first study to compare the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and sleep restriction (SR) on error awareness. Methods Thirteen healthy adults (11F, age=26.8±3.4y) underwent a 34h TSD protocol, completing the Error Awareness Task (EAT: a combined Stroop/1-back/GoNogo task) at 4h and 27h post-wake. Twenty healthy adults (11F, age=27.4±5.3y) were studied both well-rested (WR: 9h sleep) and following SR (3 nights of 3h sleep), completing the EAT once/day (8-9h post-habitual wake). The EAT required participants to withhold responding to “nogo” stimuli and signal, via a button press, whenever they realised they made an error on these nogo trials. Results TSD did not significantly affect error rate (p=.712) or error awareness rate (p=.517), however, participants were slower to recognise errors after TSD (p=.004). In contrast, SR increased error rate (p<.001), decreased error awareness (p<.001), and slowed recognition of errors (p<.01). Discussion Three nights SR impaired the ability to recognise errors in real-time, despite a greater number of errors being made. Thus, impaired error awareness may be one mechanism underlying increased sleep loss-related accidents and errors in occupational settings, as well as at home. Interestingly, 1-night TSD did not lead to more, or impaired recognition of errors. TSD participants were slower to recognise errors, which may be problematic in safety critical settings. Technological and/or operational solutions may be needed to reduce the risk of errors going unrecognised.

scholarly journals 0151 COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE TOTAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION, CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION AND RECOVERY SLEEP ON POSITIVE AFFECT

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A56-A57
Author(s):  
E Hennecke ◽  
D Lange ◽  
J Fronczek ◽  
A Bauer ◽  
D Aeschbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Chronic Sleep

scholarly journals P082 Gender moderates the effects of total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on risk preference

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A47-A48
Author(s):  
J Lim ◽  
J Boardman ◽  
S Drummond ◽  
D Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Introduction Total sleep deprivation (TSD) affects risk preference in decision-making. However, little work has examined the effects of sleep restriction (SR), or the potentially moderating role of gender, on risk preference. Here, we investigate the effects of TSD, SR, and gender on risky decision-making. Methods 47 healthy adults (age=24.57±5.26 years, 24F) were randomly assigned to either of 2 counterbalanced protocols: 1) well-rested (WR: 9-hours time-in-bed for 6 nights) and 30hours TSD; or 2) WR and SR (4-hours time-in-bed for 4 nights). Participants performed the Lottery Choice Task (LCT) on the last day of each week. LCT requires a series of choices between two risky gambles with different risk levels. In one block, participants sought to maximise monetary gain (GAINS), and in another block, they sought to minimise losses (LOSSES). A trial-level analysis evaluated participants’ likelihood of choosing the “safer” gamble under influence of each sleep condition. Results The version*condition*gender interaction was significant. GAINS: everyone became more risk averse during TSD. Females also became more risk averse during SR, but males did not. LOSSES: everyone became more risk seeking during SR. During TSD, females became relatively more risk averse, while males became relatively more risk seeking. Conclusion TSD and SR had similar impacts on risk preference. However, gender moderated some effects. Women generally became more risk averse during sleep loss for both GAINS and LOSSES. Men were more risk averse for GAINS and risk seeking for LOSSES. This has implications for real-world situations where individuals are required to make risky decisions.

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