The use of a single-piece bone flap for cranial reshaping in anterior craniosynostosis patients: clinical experience and a description of a novel technique

Background Craniosynostosis is known as premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures. Anterior craniosynostosis involves anterior plagiocephaly and trigonocephaly. One of the issues in anterior craniosynostosis skull reshaping is maintaining an aesthetically pleasing forehead curve. Therefore, in this article, we demonstrate our novel technique to use a single-piece bone flap for cranial reshaping of the anterior mold in patients diagnosed with anterior craniosynostosis. A retrospective record review of patients who underwent single piece bone flap cranial reshaping for correction of unicoronal synostosis (UCS) and metopic synostosis (MS) at an Academic Institute in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2018 and 2020, was conducted. Results Six non-syndromic consecutive patients were included. Three of the patients had MS. The mean age at surgery was 11.16 months (range, 6–19 months). The average OR time was 315 min (range, 263–368 min). The average intraoperative blood loss was 225 ml (range, 100–400 ml). All patients had achieved acceptable functional and aesthetic results. Conclusion Our novel technique is an innovative and efficient reconstructive technique to simultaneously address MS and UCS and minimize intraoperative bleeding and surgery time. However, more studies with more cases are required.

Freud and the Disenchantment of Telepathy: Thought-Transference Analysed and the History of an Unpublished Paper

This article discusses Freud’s presentation on telepathy to his close colleagues at the meeting in the Harz mountains in 1921. It considers the fate of his paper and the reasons why he never published it as a single piece. The development of Freud’s ideas about telepathy during the succeeding years and the reasons that prompted him finally to publish his views on thought-transference in 1925 are also considered. The article also discusses the place of the four cases presented in his writings on telepathy over this period, culminating in his new ‘lecture’ on Dreams and Occultism in 1933. It is suggested that Freud’s persuasion that psychoanalysis could credibly account for thought-transference was in part affected by the degree of trust he held in those presenting him with material, but most of all by his own personal experience. Freud held out against opposition from people like Jones on the matter of the worthiness of the subject for investigation, but never succeeded in integrating it more fully into psychoanalysis, and this position is largely unchanged today.

Theater for Children and Young People

The relationship between theater and children has a long and evolving history, mirroring the evolving conceptualization of childhood itself. Children have featured as performers, or had a presence within audiences, far earlier than the emergence of anything specifically labeled as theater for children. For much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, whether a performance was for children was rarely clearly delineated. For example, while J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan is now considered the most famous single piece of “theater for children” it is contested as to whether it was specifically intended for children when first performed in 1904. In the modern guise of theater for children (often also titled theater for young audiences, or TYA), a central tension exists, echoing that in literature for children, in the work being made for children, but created, performed, and written by adults. Among other elements, this often results in theater for children having a close educational ethos or moralistic focus, reflecting and reinforcing adult conceptualization of childhood and adult/child social relationships. Over the last several decades, however, theater for children and young people has entered a period of increased vitality in which some of these relationships have started to change. This vitality is manifested in professionalization, the growth of festivals, dedicated venues, and the increased commitment of innovative artists who have sought to develop the practice in new directions, including through participatory and applied theater practices that seek to give voice to and explore the lived experiences of young people. Accompanying these developments, the field has also received far greater critical and scholarly attention in the last several decades. Historically the study of theater for children has struggled to assert a strong independent identity, often subsumed into literary studies. What is emerging today, however, is something much broader and more vibrant, often interdisciplinary and embracing performance and literature studies, education and child development, psychology and politics. It engages with the core issues of our times, including a growing focus on inclusivity, whether in relation to race, sexuality, or disability. Nonetheless, theater for children has much work to do to decolonize and decenter itself from white and Western dominances. There is also a strong thread of research interest in audiences, which seeks to understand children’s lived experiences of theater and in creative and participatory research methodologies. Finally, and interconnecting all these elements, theater for children is often political and frequently deeply ambitious, driven by a strong sense of idealism that is perhaps childlike in the very best of senses.

Phisher Fighter: Website Phishing Detection System Based on URL and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency Values

Fundamentally, phishing is a common cybercrime that is indulged by the intruders or hackers on naive and credible individuals and make them to reveal their unique and sensitive information through fictitious websites. The primary intension of this kind of cybercrime is to gain access to the ad hominem or classified information from the recipients. The obtained data comprises of information that can very well utilized to recognize an individual. The purloined personal or sensitive information is commonly marketed in the online dark market and subsequently these information will be bought by the personal identity brigands. Depending upon the sensitivity and the importance of the stolen information, the price of a single piece of purloined information would vary from few dollars to thousands of dollars. Machine learning (ML) as well as Deep Learning (DL) are powerful methods to analyse and endeavour against these phishing attacks. A machine learning based phishing detection system is proposed to protect the website and users from such attacks. In order to optimize the results in a better way, the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) value of webpages is employed within the system. ML methods such as LR (Logistic Regression), RF (Random Forest), SVM (Support Vector Machine), NB (Naive Bayes) and SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) are applied for training and testing the obtained dataset. Henceforth, a robust phishing website detection system is developed with 90.68% accuracy.

Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence associated with five different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a 3-year Spanish real-world evidence study of 8293 eyes

Objectives To investigate the associations between different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy incidence 3 years after cataract surgery in a Spanish cohort. Methods This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of two large regional hospitals in Spain. Patients aged ≥65 years receiving cataract surgery with placement of five different IOLs and with ≥6 months of baseline data were included. We report the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence 3 years post cataract surgery, and the survival plot over the 3 years of follow-up time. The associated adjusted (age, gender, and diabetic retinopathy) multivariate analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs is also presented. Results The cohort (53% female, mean age 75 ± 5.9 years) included 14,519 eyes (Alcon AcrySof = 2968, AJL LLASY60 = 1776, Medicontur Bi-flex = 5176, Zeiss Asphina = 4478, and IOL Tech Stabibag = 121). Of these, 8293 were retained until 3-year follow-up. At 3 years after cataract surgery, the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence was 5% for Alcon AcrySof, while it ranged from 21.2% to 31.1% for the other IOLs (p < 0.0001 for each comparison). The odds for Nd:YAG capsulotomy were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for other IOLs compared with those of Alcon AcrySof (ORs = 8.85, 5.86, 5.74, 5.21 for AJL LLASY60, Medicontur Bi-flex, IOL Tech Stabibag, and Zeiss Asphina, respectively). Conclusions The lower Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates for Alcon AcrySof IOLs compared to the other IOLs support the importance of lens choice in reducing patient burden and treatment costs.

Efficient Design of Thin Wall Seating Made of a Single Piece of Heavy-Duty Corrugated Cardboard

Corrugated cardboard has waved cores with small flutes that prevent the use of detailed numerical models of whole structures. Many homogenization methods in the literature overcome this drawback by defining equivalent homogeneous plates with the same mechanical behaviour at a macro-mechanical scale. However, few homogenization works have considered complete structures, focusing mainly on beams or plates. For the first time, this study explores the application of homogenization approaches to larger structures as an aid in their design process. We also considered triple-wall boards rather than single- and double-wall configurations commonly addressed in the literature. To this end, we adapted the homogenization methods proposed by Talbi and Duong to analyze thin-walled stools made of triple-wall corrugated cardboard. Using a progressive design process, we performed an efficient stool design by removing material zones with lower stresses, with 35% less material, 35% lower vertical deflections, and 66% lower stresses than the initial design. Unlike other corrugated cardboard stools, this design comprises just one folded piece instead of three, thus saving storage space. These results demonstrate the utility of homogenization techniques as an aid in the design process of whole structures made of corrugated cardboard. Further research will consider buckling analysis.

Computational design optimization of industrial single piece ball valve to enhance the flow performance

The characteristics of flow through the fluid flow system largely depends on the control valves and their performance. Ball valves are one among the major valves widely used in various industries due to their simple construction and ease of manufacturing. Thus investigating flow characteristics of these valves is most essential to minimize the losses due to friction and cavitation caused within the valve body. The main objective of the current work is to carry out the computational fluid dynamics analysis using Ansys® Fluent® as solver and Solidworks® as 3D modelling tools to investigate the flow patterns through the single piece ball valve to determine the various flow characteristic and there by suggest design optimization for improved flow rate and performance. Various designs of ball valve such as BVD1, BVD2 and BVD3 were tested through CFD simulation. The simulation results reveals that BVD1 and BVD2 are failed in bidirectional flow characteristics. However BVD3 shows the significant improvement in all the flow characteristics.