scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Belgian Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Supports Cross Species Virus Transmission and Identifies New Subtype B5 Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolphe Michiels ◽  
Nadjah Radia Adjadj ◽  
Nick De Regge
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are a group of highly divergent viruses responsible for global and fatal infections in sheep and goats. Since the current phylogenetic classification of these viruses was proposed in 2004, it nowadays consists out of 5 genotypes and 28 subtypes. In support of our national SRLV control program, we performed the genetic characterization of SRLV strains circulating in the Belgian sheep and goat population. Fourteen sheep and 9 goat strains were sequenced in the gag-pol and pol regions using the method described by Shah. Most SRLV strains from sheep and goats belonged to prototype A1 and B1 subtypes, respectively. We, however, also found indications for cross-species transmission of SRLV strains between sheep and goats and vice versa, and identified a new subtype designated as B5. An in-depth analysis of the current SRLV phylogeny revealed that many subtypes have been defined over the years based on limited sequence information. To keep phylogeny as a useful tool, we advocate to apply more rigorous sequencing standards to ensure the correct classification of current and new emerging strains. The genetic characterization of Belgian SRLV strains will help in the development of appropriate diagnostic tools to assist the national control program.

Genetic characterization of small ruminant lentiviruses circulating in naturally infected sheep and goats in Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Santry ◽  
Jondavid de Jong ◽  
Alexander C. Gold ◽  
Scott R. Walsh ◽  
Paula I. Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of small ruminant lentivirus in Italian mixed flocks: evidence for a novel genotype circulating in a local goat population

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 3423-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Grego ◽  
Luigi Bertolotti ◽  
Antonio Quasso ◽  
Margherita Profiti ◽  
Daniela Lacerenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Divergent Sequence ◽  
Serological Identification ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Novel Genotype ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Genotype E

In this study, characterization of the gag gene of small ruminant lentiviruses was carried out in Italian mixed flocks. The nearly complete gag gene was amplified and sequenced. Within genotype A, subtype A1 and a novel subtype, A8, were found in goats, and another novel subtype, A9, was found in both sheep and goats. Subtype B1 was found in both host species and subtype B2 was identified only in sheep. A novel, highly divergent sequence was obtained from goats in two epidemiologically related flocks and is proposed to represent a novel genotype, E. Major epitopes of matrix and capsid antigen were highly divergent, suggesting that serological identification of animals infected with genotype E may have been missed by using currently available diagnostic tests. A recombinant subunit ELISA, based on genotype E-specific epitopes, was developed and a third independent flock carrying this genotype was identified, based on serology.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes emm 89 strains isolated in Japan from 2011 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Hirose ◽  
Masaya Yamaguchi ◽  
Norihiko Takemoto ◽  
Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama ◽  
Tomoko Sumitomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Serum Opacity Factor ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes emm 89 strains has been increasing in several countries and reported to be linked with a recently emerged clade of emm89 strains, designated clade 3. In Japan, epidemiological and genetic information for emm89 strains remains elusive. In this study, we utilized emm89 strains isolated from both STSS (89 isolates) and non-STSS (72 isolates) infections in Japan from 2011 to 2019, and conducted whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis, which resulted in classification of a large majority into clade 3 regardless of disease severity. In addition, STSS-associated genes and SNPs were found in clade 3 strains, including mutations of streptokinase (Ska), control of virulence sensor (CovS), serum opacity factor (SOF), sortase (SrtB), and fibronectin-binding protein F1 (PrtF1), and absence of the hylP1 gene encoding hyaluronidase. These findings provide insights into notable genetic features of emm89 strains.

Genetic Characterization of Myostatin and Callipyge Genes in Egyptian Small Ruminant Breeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Othman E. Othman ◽  
Esraa A. Balabel ◽  
Eman R. Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genetic Characterization

Molecular characterization of circulating strains of small ruminant lentiviruses in Brazil based on complete gag and pol genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Alana Aragão de Azevedo ◽  
Jomar Patrício Monteiro ◽  
Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽  
Mauricio de Alvarenga Mudadu ◽  
Alice Andrioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Serological characterization of small ruminant lentiviruses: A complete tool for serotyping lentivirus infection in goat

2019 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Nogarol ◽  
Luigi Bertolotti ◽  
Siv Klevar ◽  
Margherita Profiti ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Serological Characterization ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Ecological, morphological and genetic characterization of sympatric Haemonchus spp. parasites of domestic ruminants in Mauritania

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jacquiet ◽  
J. F. Humbert ◽  
A. M. Comes ◽  
J. Cabaret ◽  
A. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Sheep And Goats

SUMMARYThe 4 species of ruminants (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goat) in arid areas of Mauritania harboured Haemonchus spp. as the most frequent internal parasite. This was a rare situation where the 3 putative species, H. longistipes (dromedary), H. placet (zebu cattle) and H. contortus (sheep and goat) occurred sympatrically. The study was undertaken on hosts slaughtered at the Nouakchott abattoir, on the basis of monthly collection of worms. The environment was very unfavourable to H. placei and unfavourable to H. contortus, as intensity of infection remained low throughout the year, whereas infection in the dromedary was 10 to 20-fold higher. The survival strategies during the long, dry season were different: the surviving stages were either 4th-stage larvae in digesta (dromedaries), 4th-stage larvae either in digesta or mucosae (cattle), or 4th-stage larvae in mucosae and few adults (sheep and goats). The prolificacy of female worms, indicative of the potential to contaminate pastures, was similar for all Haemonchus spp. in the rainy season. H. longistipes behave differently during the pre-rainy season as no increase of prolificacy could be demonstrated as observed in the other species. Traits of vulvar morphology are considered as markers of ecological adaptation and were studied. The knobbed and smooth female morphs (in equal proportions) were the most frequent in H. longistipes, the knobbed morph out-numbered the other morphs in H. placei, and all 3 morphs were present in sheep and goats with the linguiform form being predominant. Genetic characterization of the 3 species was performed by means of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Three groups were obtained from analysis of these data: 1 group with individuals of H. contortus, 1 group with individuals of H. placei, and 1 group with individuals of H. longistipes. This indicated that, although the 3 species were valid, H. contortus and H. placei were more similar. Intraspecific variability was 2-fold higher in H. contortus than in the 2 other species. The ecological, morphological and genetical studies showed that H. longistipes, H. placei and H. contortus could be arranged in increasing order of variability.

Genetic characterization of local goats of Karnataka by microsatellite marker analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jayashree ◽  
M. R. Jayashankar ◽  
C. S. Nagaraja ◽  
Isloor Shrikrishna ◽  
K. Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Marker ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microsatellite Marker Analysis

The diversity status of local goats of Karnataka was studied by using microsatellite marker analysis. The genomic DNA from unrelated local goats were PCR- amplified with a panel of 23 microsatellite markers. Microsatellite PCR products were multiplexed and run on capillary based genetic analyser and the raw data obtained was analysed. Totally 158 alleles were observed and the number of alleles ranged from three (ILSTS005 and OarJMP29) to 13 (RM088). The number of effective alleles ranged from 2.25 (ILSTS005) to 8.40 (RM088) in all the 23 loci studied. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.4698±0.2214 [range 0 (ETH225) to 0.8462 (ILSTS034)] and the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.7471± 0.1098 [range 0.5656 (ILSTS005) to 0.9138 (SRCRSP 8)] indicating the heterogenous nature of the local goat population of Karnataka.

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