Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia Species of Sympatric Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), Fallow Deer (Dama dama), Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Germany

(1) Background: Wild cervids play an important role in transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens; however, investigations of tick-borne pathogens in sika deer in Germany are lacking. (2) Methods: Spleen tissue of 74 sympatric wild cervids (30 roe deer, 7 fallow deer, 22 sika deer, 15 red deer) and of 27 red deer from a farm from southeastern Germany were analyzed by molecular methods for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. (3) Results: Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia DNA was demonstrated in 90.5% and 47.3% of the 74 combined wild cervids and 14.8% and 18.5% of the farmed deer, respectively. Twelve 16S rRNA variants of A. phagocytophilum were delineated. While the infection rate for A. phagocytophilum among the four cervid species was similar (71.4% to 100%), it varied significantly for Babesia between roe deer (73.3%), fallow deer (14.3%), sika deer (27.3%) and red deer (40.0%). Deer ≤2 years of age tested significantly more often positive than the older deer for both A. phagocytophilum and Babesia species. (4) Conclusions: This study confirms the widespread occurrence of A. phagocytophilum and Babesia species in wild cervids and farmed red deer in Germany and documents the co-occurrence of the two tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging sika deer.

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Observations on autochtonous liver flukes in wild ruminants in Slovakia

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helm-2017-0035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 307-313

Author(s):

A. Iglódyová ◽

P. Lazar ◽

J. Čurlík ◽

R. Karolová ◽

J. Ciberej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Wild Ruminants ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Liver Flukes

SummaryThe aim of the study was monitoring of liver flukes in wild ruminants including red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in selected regions of Slovak Republic. Between 2014 – 2016 we examined 782 faecal samples from selected wild ruminants using coprological techniques and serological methods (ELISA detection ofF. hepaticacoproantigens). None of the samples was positive for the presence ofFasciola hepatica, 5.89 % of faecal samples were positive forDicrocoelium dendriticum. Higher prevalence was recorded in mouflon (30.83 %), lower in red deer (1.49 %).D. dendriticuminfection was not determined in fallow deer and roe deer. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a highest prevalence in autumn. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in fenced rearing when compared with open hunting grounds, suggesting that animal agglomeration, constant use of the same areas and possible stress are the main risk factors. Parasitological examination of livers of hunted wild ruminants revealed dicrocoeliosis in mouflon.

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Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in meat mixtures

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.09.013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Violeta Fajardo ◽

Isabel González ◽

Irene Martín ◽

María Rojas ◽

Pablo E. Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Dama Dama ◽

Detection And Quantification

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A Comparative Study of the Histopathologic Features of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle, Fallow Deer (Dama dama), Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), and Red Deer and Elk (Cervus elaphus)

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589503200301 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

J. C. Rhyan ◽

D. A. Saari

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Sika Deer ◽

Cervus Nippon ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Dama Dama ◽

Caseous Necrosis ◽

Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽

Lesion Morphology

Sections of tuberculous lesions from 23 elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus elaphus), 12 fallow deer ( Dama dama), 10 sika deer ( Cervus nippon), and 30 cattle were examined and compared. Lesions were scored for caseous necrosis, mineralization, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli. Some differences in lesion morphology between the species were noted. Elk/red deer lesions had marked variation and often differed from bovine lesions in several characteristics; elk/red deer lesions usually had scattered peripheral mineralization rather than central mineralization and contained more neutrophils and fewer giant cells than did bovine lesions. Fallow deer lesions contained more giant cells but were otherwise indistinguishable from elk lesions. Sika deer lesions had more giant cells and fewer neutrophils than did lesions from cattle or other cervid species. Sika deer giant cells were larger and contained more nuclei than did giant cells in the other species.

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Red and Fallow Deer Determine the Density of Ixodes Ricinus Nymphs Containing Anaplasma Phagocytophilum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96286/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katsuhisa Takumi ◽

Tim Hofmeester ◽

Hein Sprong

Keyword(s):

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Larval Burden

Abstract Background: The density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum is one of the parameters that determines the risk for humans and domesticated animals to contract anaplasmosis. For this, I. ricinus larvae need to take a blood meal from free-ranging ungulates, which are competent hosts for A. phagocytophilum.Methods: Here, we compared the contribution of four free-ranging ungulate species, red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) to A. phagocytophilum infections in nymphs. We used a combination of camera and live trapping to quantify the relative availability of vertebrate hosts to questing ticks in nineteen Dutch forest sites. Additionally, we collected questing I. ricinus nymphs and tested these for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. Furthermore, we explored two potential mechanisms that could explain differences between species: 1) differences in larval burden, which we based on data from published studies, and 2) differences in associations with other, non-competent hosts.Results: Principal component analysis indicated that the density of A. phagocytophilum infected nymphs (DIN) was higher in forest sites with high availability of red and fallow deer, and to a lesser degree roe deer. Initial results suggest that these differences are not a result of differences in larval burden, but rather differences in associations with other species or other ecological factors.Conclusions: These results indicate that the risk for contracting anaplasmosis in the Netherlands is likely highest in the few areas where red and fallow deer are present. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms behind this association.

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Infection prevalence and ecotypes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in moose Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus and Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-018-3256-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vetle M. Stigum ◽

Ryanne I. Jaarsma ◽

Hein Sprong ◽

Christer M. Rolandsen ◽

Atle Mysterud

Keyword(s):

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Alces Alces ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

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PCR-RFLP Authentication of Meats from Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Fallow Deer (Dama dama),Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), Cattle (Bos taurus), Sheep (Ovis aries), and Goat (Capra hircus)

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf051766r ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1144-1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Violeta Fajardo ◽

Isabel González ◽

Inés López-Calleja ◽

Irene Martín ◽

Pablo E. Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Dama Dama ◽

Pcr Rflp

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First report of Leptospira infections in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer in Poland

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.1515/jvetres-2016-0039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 257-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jacek Żmudzki ◽

Artur Jabłoński ◽

Zbigniew Arent ◽

Sylwia Zębek ◽

Agnieszka Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Antibody Titres

AbstractIntroduction: Recently in Europe an increase in the population of red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and fallow deer (Dama dama) has been observed. Research on the prevalence of Leptospira infections in Polish cervids has been performed for the first time.Material and Methods: During 2014/2015 hunting season, 147 blood samples from red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer were collected. The animals originated from different geographical regions across Poland. Serum samples were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies to the following Leptospira serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Tarassovi, Pomona, Canicola, Bratislava, Hardjo, Ballum, Zanoni, Hebdomadis, and Poi.Results: Serum antibody titres specific to Grippotyphosa, Pomona, and Zanoni serovars were found; none of the sera were positive for any of the other serovars. Out of 147 serum samples only 7 were positive, which gave an overall prevalence of 4.8% in the tested animal population.Conclusion: The low Leptospira antibody titres along with the low number of positive serum samples in deer indicate that these animals may not act as significant reservoirs of Leptospira for either humans or animals in Poland.

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Analysis of accuracy of hunting plan in the Czech Republic

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201260030165 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 165-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Radim Plhal ◽

Jiří Kamler

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Population Size ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Calculation Method ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Management Policy ◽

The Czech Republic

This article analyses data on the reported and captured populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in the Czech Republic during the years 2002–2006. Breeding and hunting plans collected by the State Hunting Authority have been summarized. The analyzed game population size (APS) for each individual territory, using the reverse calculation method, was compared to the counted population size (CPS) of each species. Next, the ratios between the specified population size (SPS) and the CPS were compared; and also the ratios of CPS and actual hunting bag were compared for individual years in the specified periods. Many errors in hunting management policy were found in all analyses regarding red deer. In many cases the APS, using the reverse calculation method, was several-times higher than the CPS. Also a large difference between SPS and CPS was very common. Similar results were also found in the analyses of fallow deer and mouflon populations, where the management policy was very similar to that of red deer. Evaluation of the roe deer management policy showed better results. Despite the fact that the APS was higher than the CPS, it was never several-times higher. Even in SPS and CPS ratios no extreme outcomes were found. From the official processed data it is evident that hunting association plans for game breeding and hunting indicate many significant problems, where the smallest problem is with roe deer and the biggest problem is with red deer.

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