scholarly journals Noise-Immune Labels of Residual Codes for Improving Solution Efficiency to Packet Overflow in an Optical Label-Switched Buffer

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Kai-Sheng Chen ◽  
Chao-Chin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Overflow ◽  
Label Switching ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Orthogonal Codes ◽  
Optical Buffering ◽  
Solution Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Properties ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Buffer Structure

In this paper, an optical buffering solution based on label switching is proposed, where packets are buffered by identifying and renewing the light labels of pseudo-orthogonal codes. The buffer overflow occurs when label switching fails to perform on the queued packets due to the insufficient labels. Assigning an increased code number to the buffer could reduce the overflow effect, but the decoder noise mitigates its efficiency. Therefore, we study a noise-immune labeling method of residual function by advancing the correlation properties of the existing codes. The proposed label-switching scheme improves the solution efficiency to buffer overflow as a lower code-error probability can be reached. Moreover, multiple label codes can be simultaneously generated from a shared light source to achieve a power-efficient buffer structure.

Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Manisha Bharti ◽  
Tanya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Combinatorial Method ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Optical Orthogonal Code ◽  
Optical Orthogonal Codes ◽  
Orthogonal Codes ◽  
Limiting Error ◽  
Code Performance ◽  
Correlation Properties ◽  
Orthogonal Code

Abstract In this paper, comparative analysis of code performance of dissimilar optical 2-D codes from Optical Orthogonal code family has been studied. Optical 2-D codes considered from OOC family are (n,w,1,2) OOC, SPS/OOC, OCFHC/OOC, EPC/OCS and VWOOC. By utilizing hard limiting error probability (HEP) equations and combinatorial method, code performance of each considered code is evaluated in detail. On the basis of detailed comparative performance analysis, EPC/OCS is concluded as best performing codes among all other optical codes under consideration. EPC/OCS possesses much better correlation properties, along with lower hit probability values which are responsible for its supremacy in performance characteristics to the other OOCs considered.

Involvement of nucleus in the maturation of dengue-2 virus in C6/36 cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
Jaang J. Wang ◽  
Cheng C. Chen ◽  
Men F. Shaio ◽  
Chia T. Liu ◽  
Chung S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Labeling Method

The involvement of nucleus in the maturation processes of Dengue-2 virus in a mosquito cell line, C6/36 cells, has been identified by the electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The C6/36 cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained in MEM culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 28°C. The cell suspensions or cells grown on teflon-coated coverslips were infected with Dengue-2 virus (107/ml) for various time periods of 2 hours, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days. The cells were then fixed in buffered 1.5% glutaraldehyde, and washed in acetone before immunolabeled with monoclonal antibody. An indirect immunocytochemical labeling method of avidin-biotin complex (ABC) conjugated with peroxidase or gold particles (20 nm in diameter) and a flat embedding technique were used to localize the virus particles.At early stages of infections (before 3 days), there were no virion particles detected. After 6 days and on of infections, cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed and showed positive immuno-peroxidase reactions under the light and electron microscopies.

In Vitro and in Vivo Comparison of Binding of 99m-Tc-Iabeled Anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with 99m-Tc-labeled Anti-CEA MAb BW431/26

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
N. Oriuchi ◽  
S. Sugiyama ◽  
M. Kuroki ◽  
Y. Matsuoka ◽  
S. Tanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Human Colon Adenocarcinoma

Summary Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for radioimmunodetection (RAID) of murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) F33-104 labeled with technetium-99m (99m-Tc) by a reduction-mediated labeling method. Methods: The binding capacity of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA by means of in vitro procedures such as immunoradiometric assay and cell binding assay and the biodistribution of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 in normal nude mice and nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 tumor were investigated and compared with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. Results: The in vitro binding rate of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA in solution and attached to the cell membrane was significantly higher than 99m-Tclabeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/261 (31.4 ± 0.95% vs. 11.9 ± 0.55% at 100 ng/mL of soluble CEA, 83.5 ± 2.84% vs. 54.0 ± 2.54% at 107 of LS 180 cells). In vivo, accumulation of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 was higher at 18 h postinjection than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26 (20.1 ± 3.50% ID/g vs. 14.4 ± 3.30% ID/g). 99m-Tcactivity in the kidneys of nude mice bearing tumor was higher at 18 h postinjection than at 3 h (12.8 ± 2.10% ID/g vs. 8.01 ± 2.40% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104, 10.7 ± 1.70% ID/g vs. 8.10 ± 1.75% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26). Conclusion: 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 is a potential novel agent for RAID of recurrent colorectal cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document