scholarly journals Floral Scent Evolution in the Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae): Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Marcela Moré ◽  
Florencia Soteras ◽  
Ana C. Ibañez ◽  
Stefan Dötterl ◽  
Andrea A. Cocucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Pollination Mode ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
Specific Odor ◽  
Modelling Approach

Floral scent is a key communication channel between plants and pollinators. However, the contributions of environment and phylogeny to floral scent composition remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized interspecific variation of floral scent composition in the genus Jaborosa Juss. (Solanaceae) and, using an ecological niche modelling approach (ENM), we assessed the environmental variables that exerted the strongest influence on floral scent variation, taking into account pollination mode and phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicate that two major evolutionary themes have emerged: (i) a ‘warm Lowland Subtropical nectar-rewarding clade’ with large white hawkmoth pollinated flowers that emit fragrances dominated by oxygenated aromatic or sesquiterpenoid volatiles, and (ii) a ‘cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade’ of largely fly-pollinated species found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe) that emit foul odors including cresol, indole and sulfuric volatiles. The joint consideration of floral scent profiles, pollination mode, and geoclimatic context helped us to disentangle the factors that shaped floral scent evolution across “pollinator climates” (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants in the genus Jaborosa to colonize newly formed habitats during Andean orogeny was associated with striking transitions in flower scent composition that trigger specific odor-driven behaviors in nocturnal hawkmoths and saprophilous fly pollinators.

scholarly journals Flower Diversification Across “Pollinator Climates”: Sensory Aspects of Corolla Color Evolution in the Florally Diverse South American Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moré ◽  
Ana C. Ibañez ◽  
M. Eugenia Drewniak ◽  
Andrea A. Cocucci ◽  
Robert A. Raguso
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
South American ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Color Evolution ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pollination Mode

Flower phenotype may diverge within plant lineages when moving across “pollinator climates” (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Here we explored the potential importance of pollinators as drivers of floral color diversification in the nightshade genus Jaborosa, taking into account color perception capabilities of the actual pollinators (nocturnal hawkmoths vs. saprophilous flies) under a geographic perspective. We analyzed the association between transitions across environments and perceptual color axes using comparative methods. Our results revealed two major evolutionary themes in Jaborosa: (1) a “warm subtropical sphingophilous clade” composed of three hawkmoth-pollinated species found in humid lowland habitats, with large white flowers that clustered together in the visual space of a model hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) and a “cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade” composed of largely fly-pollinated species with small dark flowers found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe), that clustered together in the visual space of a model blowfly (Lucilia sp.) and a syrphid fly (Eristalis tenax). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants to colonize newly formed environments during Andean orogeny and the ecological changes that followed were concomitant with transitions in flower color as perceived by different pollinator functional groups. Our findings suggest that habitat and pollination mode are inextricably linked in the history of this South American plant lineage.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Xylopia aromatica by HS‑SPME/GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Junqueira ◽  
Michelle do Nascimento ◽  
Lucas da Costa ◽  
Lincoln Romualdo ◽  
Francisco de Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.

scholarly journals Pollination mode determines floral scent

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Farré-Armengol ◽  
Iolanda Filella ◽  
Joan Llusià ◽  
Josep Peñuelas
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Pollination Mode

scholarly journals Extreme diversification of floral volatiles within and among species ofLithophragma(Saxifragaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 4406-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magne Friberg ◽  
Christopher Schwind ◽  
Paulo R. Guimarães ◽  
Robert A. Raguso ◽  
John N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Floral Volatiles ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Diverse Interactions ◽  
Ecological Convergence

A major challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand how complex traits of multiple functions have diversified and codiversified across interacting lineages and geographic ranges. We evaluate intra- and interspecific variation in floral scent, which is a complex trait of documented importance for mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between plants, pollinators, and herbivores. We performed a large-scale, phylogenetically structured study of an entire plant genus (Lithophragma, Saxifragaceae), of which several species are coevolving with specialized pollinating floral parasites of the moth genusGreya(Prodoxidae). We sampled 94Lithophragmapopulations distributed across all 12 recognizedLithophragmaspecies and subspecies, and four populations of related saxifragaceous species. Our results reveal an unusually high diversity of floral volatiles among populations, species, and clades within the genus. Moreover, we found unexpectedly major changes at each of these levels in the biosynthetic pathways used by local populations in their floral scents. Finally, we detected significant, but variable, genus- and species-level patterns of ecological convergence in the floral scent signal, including an impact of the presence and absence of two pollinatingGreyamoth species. We propose that one potential key to understanding floral scent variation in this hypervariable genus is its geographically diverse interactions with the obligate specializedGreyamoths and, in some species and sites, more generalized copollinators.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUCIÓN POTENCIAL DEL PUMA (Puma concolor) EN EL ESTADO DE AGUASCALIENTES, MÉXICO

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
J. Antonio De la Torre ◽  
Leonora Torres-Knoop
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Habitat Corridors ◽  
Rugged Topography ◽  
Vegetation Patches ◽  
Maxent Algorithm ◽  
Modelling Approach

RESUMENLa distribución actual del puma (<i>Puma concolor</i>) en México en la mayor parte del país es desconocida. Por medio un modelo de nicho ecológico utilizando el algoritmo Maxent identificamos la distribución potencial del puma en el estado de Aguascalientes. Utilizamos 41 registros de campo de la especie, 19 variables climáticas y 3 variables topográficas para hacer la modelación. De acuerdo al modelo, el puma se distribuye en la mayor parte del oeste del estado, la cual corresponde con zonas serranas. Esta región está dominada por bosques de encino y encino-pino, así como de una topografía accidentada. Consideramos que la protección de los parches y los corredores de vegetación que unen a las localidades predichas en el modelo de distribución potencial y que se extienden hacia los estados de Zacatecas y Jalisco, son fundamentales para la conservación de una población viable de pumas en esta región.Palabras clave: Aguascalientes, distribución, Jalisco, Maxent, México, <i>Puma concolor</i>, Zacatecas.ABSTRACTThe current distribution of the puma (<i>Puma concolor</i>) in Mexico in the most of the country is unknown. Through an ecological niche modelling approach using the Maxent algorithm we identified the potential distribution of the puma in the Aguascalientes State. To perform de model we used 41 field records of the species, 19 climatic variables and 3 topographic variables. According to the model, the puma occurs in most of west side of the Aguascalientes, which corresponds to mountain areas. This region is dominated by oak and oak-pine forests with a rugged topography. To conserve a viable population of puma in this region, we consider that it is necessary to protect the vegetation patches and the habitat corridors to link those predicted areas by the model, which are extended to Zacatecas and Jalisco States.Keywords: Aguascalientes, distribution, Jalisco, Maxent, Mexico, <i>Puma concolor</i>, Zacatecas.

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