scholarly journals Chromosome and Genome Diversity in the Genus Trifolium (Fabaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Eliška Lukjanová ◽  
Jana Řepková
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Genome Diversity ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

Trifolium L. is an economically important genus that is characterized by variable karyotypes relating to its ploidy level and basic chromosome numbers. The advent of genomic resources combined with molecular cytogenetics provides an opportunity to develop our understanding of plant genomes in general. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on Trifolium genomes and chromosomes and review methodologies using molecular markers that have contributed to Trifolium research. We discuss possible future applications of cytogenetic methods in research on the Trifolium genome and chromosomes.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

scholarly journals Studies on Basic Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, Chromosomal Association and Configuration and Meiotic Behavior in Mulberry (Morus Spp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koluru Honnegowda Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Association ◽  
Morus Spp ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Normal Meiosis ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Mulberry leaves are primary food for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. to feed silkworms and harvest quality silk cocoons. Mulberry belongs to family Moraceae and includes 60 species found distributed in both Hemisphere. In mulberry, chromosome numbers are varies from 2n = 28 to 22n = 308 (Diploid to Decosoploid) with ploidy level x to 22x. Based on chromosome numbers and meiotic behaviors x = 14 has been considered as basic chromosome numbers of the genus. In the present study, two diploids, two uneuploids, two triploids and two teteraploids mulberry varieties were selected for detailed chromosomal numbers and meiotic behaviors belongs to three species, namely Morus indica, Morus alba and Morus latifolia. Varieties, Vishaala and Kosen were diploids with 2n = 2x = 28 chromosomes and varieties Ber-S1 and S13 were uneuploids with 2n = 30 chromosomes belongs Morus indica. Varieties NAO Khurkul and KPG-1 were triploids with 2n = 3x = 42 chromosomes belongs to Moru alba and varieties Kokuso and Icheihei were tetraploids with 2n = 4x = 56 chromosomes. Diploids and uneuploids were showed normal meiosis with high pollen fertility and triploids and teteraploids were showed abnormal meiosis with low pollen fertility, due to virtue of higher ploidy level have been discussed in this chapter.

Basic Chromosome Numbers in Silene and Saponaria

Nature ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 186 (4722) ◽  
pp. 412-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. KHOSHOO
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome

Characterization of High-Copy-Number Retrotransposons From the Large Genomes of the Louisiana Iris Species and Their Use as Molecular Markers

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K Kentner ◽  
Michael L Arnold ◽  
Susan R Wessler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
High Copy Number ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Transposon Display ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Large Plant ◽  
Backcross Hybrids ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Abstract The Louisiana iris species Iris brevicaulis and I. fulva are morphologically and karyotypically distinct yet frequently hybridize in nature. A group of high-copy-number TY3/gypsy-like retrotransposons was characterized from these species and used to develop molecular markers that take advantage of the abundance and distribution of these elements in the large iris genome. The copy number of these IRRE elements (for iris retroelement), is ∼1 × 105, accounting for ∼6–10% of the ∼10,000-Mb haploid Louisiana iris genome. IRRE elements are transcriptionally active in I. brevicaulis and I. fulva and their F1 and backcross hybrids. The LTRs of the elements are more variable than the coding domains and can be used to define several distinct IRRE subfamilies. Transposon display or S-SAP markers specific to two of these subfamilies have been developed and are highly polymorphic among wild-collected individuals of each species. As IRRE elements are present in each of 11 iris species tested, the marker system has the potential to provide valuable comparative data on the dynamics of retrotransposition in large plant genomes.

Two New Basic Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Pennisetum

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 178 (4544) ◽  
pp. 1241-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. SWAMINATHAN ◽  
JOGINDER NATH
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome

scholarly journals Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Palomino ◽  
Javier Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo ◽  
Miriam Ladd-Otero ◽  
Patricia Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Amounts

Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.

scholarly journals Molecular cytogenetics of Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. and H. setigerum Turcz. (Fabaceae) from populations of Southern Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-519
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
T. E. Samatadze ◽  
I. Yu. Selyutina ◽  
S. A. Zoshchuk ◽  
A. V. Amosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time

For the first time, a comparative karyotype analysis of closely related species Hedysarum gmelinii andH. setigerum (Hedysarum section Multicaulia) grown in Southern Siberia, has been performed by molecular cytogeneticmarkers. Chromosome numbers in karyotypes of these species were specified – 2n = 4х = 32. In some accessions, additionalB chromosomes were revealed. FISH analyses indicated high similarities in chromosome morphology and also patternsof chromosomal distributions of 45S and 5S rDNA clusters in karyotypes of H. gmelinii and H. setigerum, which confirmsthe close relationship between their genomes.

Basic chromosome numbers and polyploid levels in some South African and Australian grasses (Poaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. Van der Merwe ◽  
H. Du Plessis ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chromosomal Behaviour

Chromosome numbers of 46 specimens of grasses, involving 24 taxa from South Africa and Australia, have been determined during the present study. For the first time chromosome numbers are given for Eragrostis sarmentosa (Thunb.) Trin. (n = 20). Panicum aequinerve Nees (n = 18),  Digitaria argyrograpta (Nees) Stapf (n = 9) and D. maitlandii Stapf C.E. Hubb. (n = 9). Additional polyploid levels are described for Diplachne fusca (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. Schult. (n = 10) and Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf var.  diagonalis (n = 9).B-chromosomes were observed in several different specimens. The presence of B-chromosomes often results in abnormal chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

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