scholarly journals Microbial Reclamation of Chitin and Protein-Containing Marine By-Products for the Production of Prodigiosin and the Evaluation of Its Bioactivities

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Dai Nam Nguyen ◽  
San-Lang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Erlenmeyer Flask ◽  
N Source ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays ◽  
By Products

Chitin and protein-containing marine by-products (CPCMBPs), including crab shells, squid pens, and shrimp shells, were investigated as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source for prodigiosin (PG) production by Serratia marcescens TNU01 in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and a 10 L bioreactor system. Among the used C/N source of CPCMBPs, squid pens powder (SPP) showed the most optimum PG productivity. Different ratios of chitin/protein combination were also used as the C/N sources for PG production. With a similar chitin/protein ratio (4/6) of squid pens, a significant PG productivity was achieved when the chitin/protein ratios were controlled in the range of 3/7–4/6. Maximum PG yield (3450 mg/L) by S. marcescens TNU01 was achieved in the bioreactor system containing 3 L medium of 1.75% SPP, 0.03% K2HPO4, and 0.05% MgSO4 at 25 °C for 12 h in dark. The results of in vitro bioassays reveal that the purified PG possesses acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and antioxidant as well as anticancer activities. This study suggests that squid pens may have the potential to be used for cost effective production of bioactive PG at a large-scale.

Prevention of Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins by Means of Nonnutritive Adsorbent Compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO-JAVIER RAMOS ◽  
JOHANA FINK-GREMMELS ◽  
ENRIQUE HERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Biological Methods

Mycotoxins comprise a family of fungal toxins, many of which have been implicated as chemical progenitors of toxicity in man and animals. The most thoroughly studied are the aflatoxins. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to counteract the mycotoxin problem have been reported, but large-scale, practical, and cost-effective methods for detoxifying mycotoxin-containing feedstuffs are currently not available. The most recent approach to the problem has been the addition to the animal's diet of nonnutritive sorbents that sequester mycotoxins and reduce their gastrointestinal absorption, avoiding their toxic effects on livestock and toxin carryover into animal products. This review comments on the in vitro efficacy of several of the adsorbents assayed, and their in vivo applications in a range of animals will be discussed. The sorbents reviewed are activated charcoal, bentonite, zeolite, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and a wide variety of clays and synthetic ion-exchange resins.

Cell-based models for mycotoxin screening and toxicity evaluation: an update

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cheli ◽  
E. Fusi ◽  
A. Baldi
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mycotoxin Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Third Dimension

This review presents the applications of cell-based models in mycotoxin research, with a focus on models for mycotoxin screening and cytotoxicity evaluation. Various cell-based models, cell and cell culture condition related factors, toxicity endpoints and culture systems as well as predictive value of cell-based bioassays are reviewed. Advantages, drawbacks and technical problems regarding set up and validation of consistent, robust, reproducible and high-throughput cell-based models are discussed. Various cell-based models have been developed and used as screening tests for mycotoxins but the data obtained are difficult to compare. However, the results highlight the potential of cell-based models as promising in vitro platforms for the initial screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of mycotoxins and as a significant analytical approach in mycotoxin research before any animal or human clinical studies. To develop cell-based models as powerful high-throughput laboratory platforms for the analysis of large numbers of samples, there are mainly two fundamental requirements that should be met, i.e. the availability of easy-to-use and, if possible, automated cell platforms and the possibility to obtain reproducible results that are comparable between laboratories. The transition from a research model to a test model still needs optimisation, standardisation, and validation of analytical protocols. The validation of a cell-based bioassay is a complex process, as several critical points, such as the choice of the cellular model, the assay procedures, and the appropriate use and interpretation of the results, must be strictly defined to ensure more consistency in the results. The development of cell-based models exploring the third dimension together with automation and miniaturisation will bring cellular platforms to a level appropriate for cost-effective and large-scale analysis in the field of mycotoxin research.

scholarly journals Bioprocessing of Marine Chitinous Wastes for the Production of Bioactive Prodigiosin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138
Author(s):  
Thi Hanh Nguyen ◽  
San-Lang Wang ◽  
Dai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Shrimp Wastes

Recently, microbial prodigiosin (PG) has received much attention due to its numerous beneficial applications. The aim of this study was to establish the bioprocessing of marine chitinous wastes (MCWs) for the cost-effective preparation of PG. Of the MCWs, demineralized shrimp shell powders (de-SSP) were found to be a potential source of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) for PG production by bacterial fermentation using Serratia marcescens strains. Further, PG scale-up production was investigated in a 15 L bioreactor system, and the highest yield (6200 mg/L) was achieved during fermentation using 5 L of a novel-designed culture broth that included 1.60% C/N sources (a de-SSP/casein ratio of 7/3), 0.02% K2SO4, and 0.05% K2HPO4, with an initial pH of 6–7. Fermentation was conducted in the dark at 27.5 °C for 8.0 h. This study was the first to report on the utilization of shrimp wastes for cost-effective, large-scale (5 L/pilot) PG production with high productivity (6200 mg/L) in a short cultivation time. The combination of 0.02% K2SO4 and 0.05% K2HPO4 was also found to be a novel salt composition that significantly enhanced PG yield. The red compound was purified and confirmed as PG after analyzing its HPLC profile, mass, and UV/vis spectra. The purified PG was then tested for its bioactivities and showed effective anticancer activities, moderated antioxidant activities, and novel anti-NO effects.

scholarly journals A novel temporary immersion bioreactor system for large scale multiplication of banana (Rasthali AAB—Silk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbaraya Uma ◽  
Raju Karthic ◽  
Sathiamoorthy Kalpana ◽  
Suthanthiram Backiyarani ◽  
Marimuthu Somasundaram Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Bioreactor System

AbstractMusa sp. cultivar Rasthali (Silk AAB) is a choice variety of the Asian sub-continent. Its production and sustenance are threatened by Fusarium wilt, which affects the livelihoods of small and marginal farmers. The use of quality planting material is one of the strategies to manage the disease. Availability of quality planting material for varieties other than Grand Naine is limited. Large-scale micropropagation using existing technologies is laborious and expensive. Temporary immersion bioreactor system is emerging as a potential advancement in the micropropagation industry. In this study, a cost-effective temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system has been developed and an efficient micropropagation method has been standardized. Explants cultured in TIB with 250 ml of culture medium in a 2-min immersion frequency of 6 h were found to be efficient for shoot proliferation and rooting. Its efficacy has been compared with the semisolid culture method. At the end of the 6th subculture, 1496 ± 110 shoots per explant were obtained in TIB. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, stomatal index, and the number of closed stomata were examined to determine the physiological functions of the plants grown in TIB and compared with semisolid grown plantlets. Plantlets grown in TIB were genetically stable and were confirmed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The multiplication of shoots in TIB was 2.7-fold higher than the semisolid culture method, which is suitable for large-scale production of planting material for commercial applications.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Easter Island Curcuma longa from Rhizome Explants Using Temporary Immersion System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
María José Marchant ◽  
Paula Molina ◽  
Miriam Montecinos ◽  
Leda Guzmán ◽  
Cristobal Balada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapa Nui ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Curcuma longa (C. longa) is widely known for its medicinal properties. However, the potential overexploitation of this plant raises doubts about its long-term survival on Rapa Nui. Micropropagation using a temporary immersion system (TIS) could be the basis for developing a cost-effective and highly productive method of large-scale cultivation of this plant. Our objective was to develop and refine the in vitro multiplication system for mass propagation of C. longa, and thus help restore the fragile ecosystem of Rapa Nui. Three parameters were evaluated: number of explants per flask, flask capacity, and LEDs spectrum. For each parameter evaluated, four aspects were analyzed: fresh weight per plant, number of shoots, percentage of non-sprouting explants, and the proliferation rate. The use of 30 explants per two-liter flask results in more plants with high fresh biomass than other configurations. In addition, LEDs with a red:blue ratio of 2:1 provided the best lighting conditions for in vitro propagation and positively affected C. longa proliferation and rooting. Therefore, our results show that 30 explants per two-liter flask and an LED source with a red:blue ratio of 2:1 allow a higher number of C. longa plants to be obtained using TIS.

scholarly journals Ginger and Its Constituents: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahdeo Prasad ◽  
Amit K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Gi Cancer ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, a cancer of different organs of the digestive system, is one of the most common cancers around the world. The incidence and death rate of some of these cancers are very high. Although a large variety of chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced since the last few decades to combat GI cancer, most of them are very expensive and have side effects. Therefore, the compounds derived from natural sources, which are considered to be safe and cost effective, are needed. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used natural products consumed as a spice and medicine for treating nausea, dysentery, heartburn, flatulence, diarrhea, loss of appetite, infections, cough, and bronchitis. Experimental studies showed that ginger and its active components including 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol exert anticancer activities against GI cancer. The anticancer activity of ginger is attributed to its ability to modulate several signaling molecules like NF-κB, STAT3, MAPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, Akt, TNF-α, COX-2, cyclin D1, cdk, MMP-9, survivin, cIAP-1, XIAP, Bcl-2, caspases, and other cell growth regulatory proteins. In this review, the evidences for the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of ginger extract and its active components usingin vitro, animal models, and patients have been described.

scholarly journals Valorisation of Ribes nigrum L. Pomace, an Agri-Food By-Product to Design a New Cosmetic Active

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Hortense Plainfossé ◽  
Manon Trinel ◽  
Grégory Verger-Dubois ◽  
Stéphane Azoulay ◽  
Pauline Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays ◽  
By Products

The ethical and ecological concerns of today’s consumers looking for both sustainable and efficient ingredients in finished products, put a lot of pressure on the cosmetic market actors who are being driven to profoundly modify the strategies adopted to innovate in terms of actives while notably being urged to switch from petroleum- to plant-based ingredients. To produce such natural cosmetic ingredients, agri-food by-products are advocated as raw material due to their reduced carbon footprint as they actively contribute to the worldwide improvement of waste management. The process to transform plant waste materials into such powerful and objectified “green” cosmetic actives in compliance with circular economy principles is a long-term integrated process. Such a development is thoroughly exemplified in the present paper through the description of the design of liquid anti-age ingredients based on Ribes nigrum L. extract. This was obtained by maceration of blackcurrant pomace. and the embodiment of this extract following its phytochemical analysis notably by HPLC-DAD-ELSD and its bioguided fractionation using in vitro bioassays.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of Carbonic Anhydrase II as the First Target of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Actarit

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Ghita Ghislat ◽  
Taufiq Rahman ◽  
Pedro J. Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Fundamental Aspect

Background and purpose: Identifying the macromolecular targets of drug molecules is a fundamental aspect of drug discovery and pharmacology. Several drugs remain without known targets (orphan) despite large-scale in silico and in vitro target prediction efforts. Ligand-centric chemical-similarity-based methods for in silico target prediction have been found to be particularly powerful, but the question remains of whether they are able to discover targets for target-orphan drugs. Experimental Approach: We used one of these in silico methods to carry out a target prediction analysis for two orphan drugs: actarit and malotilate. The top target predicted for each drug was carbonic anhydrase II (CAII). Each drug was therefore quantitatively evaluated for CAII inhibition to validate these two prospective predictions. Key Results: Actarit showed in vitro concentration-dependent inhibition of CAII activity with submicromolar potency (IC50 = 422 nM) whilst no consistent inhibition was observed for malotilate. Among the other 25 targets predicted for actarit, RORγ (RAR-related orphan receptor-gamma) is promising in that it is strongly related to actarit’s indication, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conclusion and Implications: This study is a proof-of-concept of the utility of MolTarPred for the fast and cost-effective identification of targets of orphan drugs. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of actarit as an anti-RA agent can now be re-examined from a CAII-inhibitor perspective, given existing relationships between this target and RA. Moreover, the confirmed CAII-actarit association supports investigating the repositioning of actarit on other CAII-linked indications (e.g., hypertension, epilepsy, migraine, anemia and bone, eye and cardiac disorders).

scholarly journals Quantitative Study of Morphological Features of Stem Cells onto Photopatterned Azopolymer Films

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Salvatore ◽  
Stefano Luigi Oscurato ◽  
Marietta D’Albore ◽  
Vincenzo Guarino ◽  
Stefania Zeppetelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Patterned Films

In the last decade, the use of photolithography for the fabrication of structured substrates with controlled morphological patterns that are able to interact with cells at micrometric and nanometric size scales is strongly growing. A promising simple and versatile microfabrication method is based on the physical mass transport induced by visible light in photosensitive azobenzene-containing polymers (or azopolymers). Such light-driven material transport produces a modulation of the surface of the azopolymer film, whose geometry is controlled by the intensity and the polarization distributions of the irradiated light. Herein, two anisotropic structured azopolymer films have been used as substrates to evaluate the effects of topological signals on the in vitro response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The light-induced substrate patterns consist of parallel microgrooves, which are produced in a spatially confined or over large-scale areas of the samples, respectively. The analysis of confocal optical images of the in vitro hMSC cells grown on the patterned films offered relevant information about cell morphology—i.e., nuclei deformation and actin filaments elongation—in relation to the geometry and the spatial extent of the structured area of substrates. The results, together with the possibility of simple, versatile, and cost-effective light-induced structuration of azopolymers, promise the successful use of these materials as anisotropic platforms to study the cell guidance mechanisms governing in vitro tissue formation.

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