scholarly journals Mucoadhesive Bletilla striata Polysaccharide-Based Artificial Tears to Relieve Symptoms and Inflammation in Rabbit with Dry Eyes Syndrome

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minal Thacker ◽  
Ching-Li Tseng ◽  
Chih-Yen Chang ◽  
Subhaini Jakfar ◽  
Hsuan Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface affecting many people all over the world. However, there have been many therapeutic advancements for the treatment of DES, substantial long-term treatment remains a challenge. Natural plant-based polysaccharides have gained much importance in the field of tissue engineering for their excellent biocompatibility and unique physical properties. In this study, polysaccharides from a Chinese ground orchid, Bletilla striata, were successfully extracted and incorporated into the artificial tears for DES treatment due to its anti-inflammatory and mucoadhesive properties. The examination for physical properties such as refractive index, pH, viscosity and osmolality of the Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) artificial tears fabricated in this study showed that it was in close association with that of the natural human tears. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and inflammatory gene expression tested in human corneal epithelium cells (HCECs) indicated that the low BSP concentrations (0.01–0.1% v/v) could effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL8) and ROS levels in HCECs, respectively. Longer retention of the BSP-formulated artificial tears on the ocular surface is due to the mucoadhesive nature of BSP allowing lasting lubrication. Additionally, a rabbit’s DES model was created to evaluate the effect of BSP for treating dry eye. Schirmer test results exhibited the effectiveness of 0.1% (v/v) BSP-containing artificial tears in enhancing the tear volume in DES rabbits. This work combines the effectiveness of artificial tears and anti-inflammatory herb extract (BSP) to moisturize ocular surface and to relieve the inflammatory condition in DES rabbit, which further shows great potential of BSP in treating ocular surface diseases like DES in clinics in the future.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: latest evidence and clinical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fanelli ◽  
Daniela Ghisi ◽  
Pierangelo Lora Aprile ◽  
Francesco Lapi
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses

Observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially when prescribed at high doses for long periods of time, can potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The increased thrombotic risk related to the use of NSAIDs is mainly due to their cyclooxygenase 2 selectivity. The dosage use, the formulation selected and the duration of the therapy are other factors that can significantly impact on the cardiovascular risk. In order to minimize the risk, prescription of the right drug based on the patient’s features and the different safety profiles of several NSAIDs that are available on the market is key for their appropriate administration. Despite the baseline cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk of each patient, monitoring of patients is suggested for increases in blood pressure, development of edema, deterioration of renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding during long-term treatment with NSAIDs.

Ocular Surface Alteration after Long-term Treatment with an Antiglaucomatous Drug

Ophthalmology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Herreras ◽  
J. Carlos Pastor ◽  
Margarita Calonge ◽  
Victor M. Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Surface Alteration

scholarly journals Effect of artificial tears on aqueous deficient dry eye, a dynamic optical study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wei ◽  
Yuandong Su ◽  
Guanyu Su ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
Antoine Labbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Objective Scatter Index

Abstract Background: To investigate the change of dynamic optical quality in aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) patients after the use of artificial tears.Methods: Fifty-nine patients with ADDE and 31 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in this prospective case-control study. Clinical evaluation of the ocular surface included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film break-up time (TBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and Schirmer I testing. ADDE patients were divided into two groups, mild (31 patients) and severe (28 patients). The optical quality of the tear film was measured with the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) using the mean objective scatter index (mean OSI), standard deviation of objective scatter index (SD-OSI) and modulation transfer function cut-off (MTF cut-off). After baseline examinations, one drop of artificial tears (ATs, carboxymethylcellulose ophthalmic solution, 0.5%) was instilled in both eyes, and optical quality parameters were measured again at 5- and 30-minutes following application of ATs.Results: At baseline, the mean OSI was higher in the ADDE group (0.95 ± 0.54) than in controls (0.54 ± 0.23, P<0.001). The SD-OSI was also significantly increased in ADDE patients (0.44 ± 0.71) compared to control subjects (0.12 ± 0.06, P=0.003). Five minutes after ATs instillation, mean OSI and SD-OSI decreased significantly in severe ADDE patients (P=0.044; P=0.018), was unchanged in mild ADDE patients, and increased in the control group (P=0.019; P<0.001). Thirty minutes after ATs instillation, no significant difference in optical quality parameters was observed for the three groups.Conclusion: The effect of ATs on optical quality in patients with ADDE may differ according to the severity of the disease. Measurement of optical quality might be a promising tool to evaluate the effects of various ATs and possibly individualize treatment in ADDE patients.

scholarly journals The effect of tamarind seed polysaccharidecontaining eye drop in dry eye syndrome: Results of an interventional, comparative, clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Naser Nozari ◽  
Shahrokh Ramin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contralateral Eye

Background: The mainstay of dry eye treatment is artificial tear solutions. Contralateral eye comparison of 2 types of artificial tears (Xiloial versus Tearlose) in managing dry eye disease was sought in this study. Methods: This study was a prospective, interventional, contralateral eye comparison of 2 types of artificial tears used for managing dry eye disease. The study participants were categorized into mild (13–22 points), moderate (23–32 points), or severe (33–100 points) ocular surface disease according to the baseline ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score. Schirmer I and tear film break-up time (TBUT) tests, as well as detailed slit-lamp examinations, were performed at baseline and at the end of the study. All participants received Xiloial monodose eye drops for the right eye and Tearlose eye drops for the left eye, administered as a single drop 4 times per day. Furthermore, they were instructed to perform lid hygiene every 12 hours per day for both eyes. Results: Thirty-five patients (70 eyes) with a mean ± standard (SD) age of 50.2 ± 13.4 years were included, and 14 (40%) were men. The mean ± SD of the OSDI score was 44.24 ± 22.59 at baseline. Of the 35 patients, 10 (28.6%), 5 (14.3%), and 20 (57.1%) had mild, moderate, and severe ocular surface disease, respectively, according to the baseline OSDI score. Compared to baseline, the mean values of both TBUT and Schirmer I tests improved significantly in both groups (both P < 0.001). In comparing the final mean values between the 2 groups, this improvement was comparable for the Schirmer I test (P = 0.179), but TBUT in Tearlose-instilled eyes improved significantly more than in the fellow eyes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Both Xiloial and Tearlose eye drops improved tear stability and tear production after a 2 week treatment period in eyes with dry eye disease. This improvement was comparable for tear production, but Tearlose-instilled eyes showed significantly greater improvement in tear stability. Further studies with longer follow-up and larger sample sizes could provide more reliable results as a basis for the clinical use of this TSP-containing lubricant eye drop solution in dry eye disease.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Pilocarpine, Cevimeline and Diquafosol Compared to Artificial Tears for the Treatment of Dry Eye: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gerardo Serrano-Robles ◽  
Ana Karen Pérez-Vázquez ◽  
Alejandro Navas-Pérez ◽  
Enrique O Graue-Hernandez ◽  
Arturo Ramirez-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Review Author ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index

Abstract Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a condition that affects the ocular surface and affects millions of people around the world. In recent years a stepped scheme has been proposed for the treatment of DED, with the use of an artificial tear being the mainstay of treatment. In this scheme, the use of secretagogues is suggested as part of the treatment for patients with moderate to severe affectation. With this systematic review we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of secretagogues for DED.Methods: Electronic databases will be searched; we will include randomized controlled trials that compare secretagogues and artificial tears. Study inclusion will not be restricted on the basis of language or publication status. We will use Google Translate to assess studies written in languages other than English and Spanish. Identification, evaluation, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be conducted by two authors of the review, a third review author will resolve any disagreement. The outcomes will be the ocular surface disease index score, osmolarity and tear film break-up time. We will use the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for assessing the risk of bias of the included studies. Based on the heterogeneity of the included studies, we will combine the findings in a meta-analysis using a random versus a fixed effect model. If we deem meta-analysis as inappropriate, we will document the reasons and report findings from the individual studies narratively.Discussion: Based on the evidence obtained we will evaluate the effect of Pilocarpine, Cevimeline and Diquafosol and compare it to artificial tears on multiple outcome measures.This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy and safety of the secretagogues pilocarpine, cevimeline and diquafosol to help clinicians in the decision-making process.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020218407

Multimodality imaging in patients with post-cardiac injury syndrome

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beni R Verma ◽  
Michael Chetrit ◽  
James L Gentry III ◽  
Andrew Noll ◽  
Ahmed Bafadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Acute Pericarditis ◽  
Pericardial Diseases ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This review article is focused on the role of echocardiography, cardiac CT and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in diagnosing and managing patients with post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). Clinically, the spectrum of pericardial diseases under PCIS varies not only in form and severity of presentation but also in the timing varying from weeks to months, thus making it difficult to diagnose. Pericarditis developing after recent or remote myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery or ablation if left untreated or under-treated could worsen into complicated pericarditis which can lead to decreased quality of life and increased morbidity. Colchicine in combination with other anti-inflammatory agents (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is proven to prevent and treat acute pericarditis as well as its relapses under various scenarios. Imaging modalities such as echocardiography, CT and CMR play a pivotal role in diagnosing PCIS especially in difficult cases or when clinical suspicion is low. Echocardiography is the tool of choice for emergent bedside evaluation for cardiac tamponade and to electively study the haemodynamics impact of constrictive pericarditis. CT can provide information on pericardial thickening, calcification, effusions and lead perforations. CMR can provide pericardial tissue characterisation, haemodynamics changes and guide long-term treatment course with anti-inflammatory agents. It is important to be familiar with the indications as well as findings from these multimodality imaging tools for clinical decision-making.

A study to assess the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the management of dry eye with meibomiam gland dysfunction

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Prajwalli Reddy ◽  
Wajeeha Umam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormality of the meibomian gland that blocks the secretion of lipids. Without sufficient lipid production, tears evaporate quickly causing Dry Eye.MGD is associated with multiple pathological mechanisms including inflammation, microbial factors and lipid deficiencies. Topical Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor that reduces inflammation by specifically inhibiting T‑cell activity, which reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves tear film dynamics. This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients at the Department of Ophthalmology Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, on patients of dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients who were diagnosed with dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction were invited to take part in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 patients each. This study, was explained in detail to them. An informed consent was obtained. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were listed.All OSDI scores (symptom intensity, frequency and aggravation) revealed decreasing patterns throughout the observation period in both the groups. In single analysis, the cyclosporine A 0.05% group showed a significant improvement for each score at 3 months (p &#60; 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean TBUT after treatment in the group A (cyclosporine A group) increased to 12.36± 3.58(p&#60;0.001) seconds, and in the group B (Control group) the TBUT score increased to 11.01±3.06 seconds. After 3 Months, there was statistically significant improvement in the mean Schirmer’s scores in both the treatment groups, however improvement was significantly greater in Cyclosporine A group. Prior to the treatment in group A (Cyclosporine A) mean Lissamine staining score was 2.73±0.15 and post treatment it reduced to 1.32±0.15 which was statistically significant (P&#60;0.001). In group B (Control group) score before treatment was 2.46±0.15 and after treatment it reduced to 2.39±0.27 (p=0.11), not much difference was seen. : Findings from our study showed that there were significant improvements in the dry eye conditions due to defect in meibomian gland by treatment of topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% and sodium hyaluronate 0.1%.

Which preparation of aspirin?

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Aspirin is often used to treat complaints expected to be transient, such as toothache, headache and influenza. A rapid analgesic and sometimes anti-pyretic effect is required, and duration of treatment is likely to be short. Aspirin is often considered the first-choice drug for rheumatic disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis;1 here the circumstances are quite different because long-term treatment is required at the relatively high dosage necessary to obtain an anti-inflammatory effect.2

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