scholarly journals Leverage of Environmental Pollutant Crump Rubber on the Dry Sliding Wear Response of Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2894
Author(s):  
Kiran Shahapurkar ◽  
Venkatesh Chenrayan ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
Pavan Shahapurkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Rubber Content

The effect of crump rubber on the dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites is investigated in the present study. Wear tests are carried out for three levels of crump rubber (10, 20, and 30 vol.%), normal applied load (30, 40, and 50 N), and sliding distance (1, 3, and 5 km). The wear behavior of crump rubber–epoxy composites is investigated against EN31 steel discs. The hybrid mathematical approach of Taguchi-coupled Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)—Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to examine the influence of crump rubber on the tribological response of composites. Mathematical and experimental results reveal that increasing crump rubber content reduces the wear rate of composites. Composites also show a significant decrease in specific wear values at higher applied loads. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction also shows a decreasing trend with an increase in crump rubber content, indicating the effectiveness of reinforcing crump rubber in a widely used epoxy matrix. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results also reveal that the crump rubber content in the composite is a significant parameter to influence the wear characteristic. The post-test temperature of discs increases with an increase in the applied load, while decreasing with an increase in filler loading. Worn surfaces are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to understand structure–property correlations. Finally, existing studies available in the literature are compared with the wear data of the present study in the form of a property map.

Multi-response optimization of tribological characteristics of aluminum MMCs using PCA

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
Rajesh Siriyala ◽  
A. Gopala Krishna ◽  
P. Rama Murthy Raju ◽  
M. Duraiselvam
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Sliding Distance

Purpose – Since, wear is the one of the most commonly encountered industrial problems leading to frequent replacement of components there is a need to develop metal matrix composites (MMCs) for achieving better wear properties. The purpose of this paper is to fabricate aluminum MMCs to improve the dry sliding wear characteristics. An effective multi-response optimization approach called the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sets of optimal parameters in dry sliding wear process. Design/methodology/approach – The present work investigates the dry sliding wear behavior of graphite reinforced aluminum composites produced by the molten metal mixing method by means of a pin-on-disc type wear set up. Dry sliding wear tests were carried on graphite reinforced MMCs and its matrix alloy sliding against a steel counter face. Different contact stress, reinforcement percentage, sliding distance and sliding velocity were selected as the control variables and the response selected was wear volume loss (WVL) and coefficient of friction (COF) to evaluate the dry sliding performance. An L25 orthogonal array was employed for the experimental design. Optimization of dry sliding performance of the graphite reinforced MMCs was performed using PCA. Findings – Based on the PCA, the optimum level parameters for overall principal component (PC) of WVL and COF have been identified. Moreover, analysis of variance was performed to know the impact of individual factors on overall PC of WVL and COF. The results indicated that the reinforcement percentage was found to be most effective factor among the other control parameters on dry sliding wear followed by sliding distance, sliding velocity and contact stress. Finally the wear surface morphology of the composites has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Practical implications – Various manufacturing techniques are available for processing of MMCs. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. In particular, some techniques are significantly expensive compared to others. Generally the manufacturer prefers the low cost technique. Therefore stir casting technique which was used in this paper for manufacturing of Aluminum MMCs is the best alternative for processing of MMCs in the present commercial sectors. Since the most important criteria of a dry sliding wear behavior is to provide lower WVL and COF, this study has intended to prove the application of PCA technique for solving multi objective optimization problem in wear applications like piston rings, piston rods, cylinder heads and brake rotors, etc. Originality/value – Application of multi-response optimization technique for evaluation of tribological characteristics for Aluminum MMCs made up of graphite particulates is a first-of-its-kind approach in literature. Hence PCA method can be successfully used for multi-response optimization of dry sliding wear process.

Dry sliding wear behavior of SiC/Al2O3 filled jute/epoxy composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sabeel Ahmed ◽  
Syed Sha Khalid ◽  
V. Mallinatha ◽  
S.J. Amith Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding

scholarly journals An investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061/ Titanium carbide/ Basalt hybrid metal matrix composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
P. MUTHU
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Sliding Distance

Dry sliding wear plays an important role in selecting material for automotive and aerospace applications. Researchers have been exploring novel aluminum matrix composites (AMC), which offer minimum wear rate for various tribological applications. The present work involves multi-objective optimization for dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061 reinforced with 6 % of Titanium carbide and 4% of basalt hybrid metal matrix composites using principal component analysis (PCA)-based grey relational analysis (GRA). In this article, the effects of input variables of wear parameters such as applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance were investigated on different output responses, namely the wear rate, friction force and specific wear rate. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with three-level settings was chosen for conducting experiments. Three output responses in each experiment were normalized into a weighted grey relational grade using grey relational analysis coupled with the principal component analysis. The analysis of variance indicated that sliding distance is the most influential parameter followed by load and sliding velocity that contributes to the quality characteristics. Optimal results have been verified through additional experiments.

scholarly journals Comparative study on dry sliding wear behavior of mono (Al2219/B4C) and hybrid (Al2219/B4C/Gr) metal matrix composites using statistical technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
R. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Sliding Distance

AbstractIn the present study, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC’s) reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) and graphite (Gr) particles were prepared by stir casting method. Dry sliding wear behavior of developed composites was conducted on pin on disc apparatus with variation in sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. Taguchi method was employed to optimize the data in a controlled way. Analysis of variance was employed to examine the wear behavior of base alloy (Al2219), mono (Al/B4C) and hybrid (Al/B4C/Gr) metal matrix composites. The correlations were established by linear regression models and validated using confirmation tests. The obtained results indicated that B4C content, sliding distance is highly affected by the dry sliding wear followed by sliding speed and applied load. The incorporation of B4C and Gr particles in aluminium improves the tribological characteristics. The SEM images of mono composite shows the deep grooves on worn surface. It demonstrates the signs of abrasive wear of mono composite. The hybrid composite exhibits excellent wear resistance when compared to mono composite and base alloy. The main reason of that is the Gr particles act as a solid lubricating material in the hybrid composite (Al/B4C/Gr).

Effect of Sliding Speed and Applied Load on the Wear Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Ni-Based Self-Flux Alloy Coating

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Sik Kim ◽  
Kyun Tak Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Thermally Sprayed

This study aims at investigating the effect of the sliding speed and the applied load on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermally sprayed Ni-based self-flux alloy coating. Ni-based self-flux alloy powders were flame-sprayed onto a carbon steel substrate and then these coatings were heat-treated at temperature of 1000 oC. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using the sliding speeds of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m/s and the applied loads of 5, 10, 15 and 20 N. AISI 52100 ball (diameter 8 mm) was used as counterpart material. Wear behavior of Ni-based self-flux alloy coatings was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was revealed that microstructure and wear behavior of the Ni-based self-flux alloy coatings were much influenced by the sliding speed and the applied load.

Dry sliding wear behavior of Saffil fiber-reinforced Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy-based composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Liming Peng ◽  
Wenjiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
The Matrix

Dry sliding wear behavior of the creep-resistant magnesium alloy Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr and its composites have been investigated in this study. Magnesium matrix composites are prepared by squeezing casting infiltration of Mg alloy into Saffil preforms. Wear tests are conducted using ball-on-flat sliding wear set up under a sliding velocity range of 1-15 cm/s and at an applied load range of 1-8 N for a constant sliding distance of 150 m. According to results, mechanical and wear-resistance properties of magnesium alloy improved by introducing Saffil fibers, and the alumina binder composite has a higher strength and lower wear rate than silica binder composite. The wear rates of the matrix alloy, composites and their counter-face balls increase with increasing applied load. The increment of sliding velocities decreases the wear rate of the matrix alloy under the tested sliding velocities. A critical threshold of sliding velocity for the wear rate of both composites and their counter-faces is about 9 cm/s. Abrasion and plastic deformation are considered to be the dominant mechanism for the matrix alloy in tested conditions, and for both composites under low sliding velocity (<10 cm/s) and at low applied loads (1-5 N). Delamination is the wear mechanism of the silica binder composites at a high applied load (8 N). Adhesion and oxidation are the controlling wear mechanism of matrix alloy and composites under a sliding velocity of 15 cm/s.

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