Systematic and Model-Assisted Process Design for the Extraction and Purification of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.—Part I: Conceptual Process Design and Cost Estimation

The article summarizes a systematic process design for the extraction and purification of artemisinin from annual mugwort (Artemisia annua L.). Artemisinin serves as an anti-malaria drug, therefore, resource-efficient and economic processes for its production are needed. The process design was based on lab-scale experiments and afterwards piloted on miniplant-scale at the institute. In this part of the article, a detailed economic feasibility studies including a reference process as a benchmark the lab-scale process and the pilot-scale process is given. Relevant differences between the different scales are discussed. The details of the respective unit operations (solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography and crystallization) are presented in dedicated articles. The study showed that even miniaturized lab-scale experiments are able to deliver data detailed enough for scale-up calculations on a theoretical basis. To our knowledge, a comparable systematic process design and piloting was never performed by academia before.

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Systematic and Model-Assisted Process Design for the Extraction and Purification of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.—Part IV: Crystallization

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6100181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maximilian Huter ◽

Axel Schmidt ◽

Fabian Mestmäcker ◽

Maximilian Sixt ◽

Jochen Strube

Keyword(s):

Process Design ◽

Process Integration ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

A Priori ◽

Artemisia Annua L ◽

Extraction And Purification ◽

Acetone Water ◽

Total Process ◽

Study Process ◽

Conceptual Process Design

In this study, process integration for crystallization of a priori purified Artemisia annua L. is investigated. For this total process, the integration operation boundaries and behavior of the crystals are studied. This is performed focusing on a conceptual process design study for artemisinin, aiming towards the development of a crystallization step under given parameters by process integration. At first, different crystallization systems consisting of ethanol-water or acetone-water mixtures are compared. In subsequent steps, the metastable zone width and the behavior of the crystals regarding agglomeration and breakage are checked. Furthermore, the sensitivities of process variables based on several process parameters are investigated. Additionally, the final process integration of crystallization as a combined purification and isolation step is studied.

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Systematic and Model-Assisted Process Design for the Extraction and Purification of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.—Part III: Chromatographic Purification

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6100180 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 180 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fabian Mestmäcker ◽

Axel Schmidt ◽

Maximilian Huter ◽

Maximilian Sixt ◽

Jochen Strube

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

Batch Process ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Artemisia Annua L ◽

Reproducibility Study ◽

Extraction And Purification ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Characteristic Process

In this study, the purification of an extract from Artemisia annua L. using chromatographic methods is studied. In a first step, a screening of different phases and solvents using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed. Then, a laboratory-scale high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and transferred to a pilot scale. A reproducibility study based on 120 injections was carried out. The batch process that was developed and the results from a designed continuous simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography were compared based on characteristic process numbers and economy.

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Systematic and Model-Assisted Process Design for the Extraction and Purification of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.—Part II: Model-Based Design of Agitated and Packed Columns for Multistage Extraction and Scrubbing

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6100179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Axel Schmidt ◽

Maximilian Sixt ◽

Maximilian Huter ◽

Fabian Mestmäcker ◽

Jochen Strube

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Process ◽

Process Model ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

Scale Up ◽

Plug Flow ◽

Process Models ◽

Extraction Column ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Extraction And Purification

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is an established unit operation in the manufacturing process of many products. However, development and integration of multistage LLE for new products and separation routes is often hindered and is probably more cost intensive due to a lack of robust development strategies and reliable process models. Even today, extraction columns are designed based on pilot plant experiments. For dimensioning, knowledge of phase equilibrium, hydrodynamics and mass transport kinetics are necessary. Usually, those must be determined experimentally for scale-up, at least in scales of DN50-150 (nominal diameter). This experiment-based methodology is time consuming and it requires large amounts of feedstock, especially in the early phase of the project. In this study the development for the integration of LLE in a new manufacturing process for artemisinin as an anti-malaria drug is presented. For this, a combination of miniaturized laboratory and mini-plant experiments supported by mathematical modelling is used. System data on extraction and washing distributions were determined by means of shaking tests and implemented as a multi-stage extraction in a process model. After the determination of model parameters for mass transfer and plant hydrodynamics in a droplet measurement apparatus, a distributed plug-flow model is used for scale-up studies. Operating points are validated in a mini-plant system. The mini-plant runs are executed in a Kühni-column (DN26) for extraction and a packed extraction column (DN26) for the separation of side components with a throughput of up to 3.6 L/h, yield of up to 100%, and purity of 41% in the feed mixture to 91% after washing.

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ESCALONAMENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTO E PROCESSO DO LABORATÓRIO À ESCALA PILOTO CONECTADO AO MERCADO (PARTE 1)

Química Nova ◽

10.21577/0100-4042.20170665 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elimar Vasconcellos ◽

Priscila Souza ◽

Marcella Franco ◽

Vinícius Castro ◽

Lorena Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Process Development ◽

Scale Up ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Basic Research ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

One Step ◽

Expensive Process

TECHNOLOGY SCALE UP: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT FROM THE LABORATORY TO PILOT SCALE CONNECTED TO MARKET (PART 1). In this article, it is described the main aspects to be considered during the process of scaling up hard sciences technologies developed in the Science and Technology Institutes aiming at industrial application. Based on the experience of our group in scaling up, pre-acceleration, and acceleration of different technologies, a methodology was developed and divided into four main stages: Step 1, which involves basic research, Step 2 with a focus on product development, and Step 3 with a focus on process development, all on the laboratory scale and the last one, Step 4 focused on pilot plant development. The most important aspect of this article is to show that many critical questions can be answered even in the laboratory phase. In this way, the risks of Step 4 are minimized. Step 4 is a complicated, lengthy, and expensive process of construction and operation of a pilot plant. Aspects such as proof of concept, technical and economic feasibility studies, minimum viable product, capital expenditures, and operating expenses of pilot plants are approached in a simplified way to serve as a basis for researchers who wants to know the long path to be followed by technology before reaching the industry, consequently the market.

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Determination, solvent extraction, and purification of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ◽

10.1016/j.jarmap.2021.100363 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100363

Author(s):

Ümit Babacan ◽

Mehmet Fatih Cengiz ◽

Mariem Bouali ◽

Timur Tongur ◽

Songül Sever Mutlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

Artemisia Annua L ◽

Extraction And Purification

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PASSION FRUIT BY-PRODUCT: PROCESS DESIGN OF PECTIN PRODUCTION

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i10.2020.1688 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 58-69

Author(s):

Cariny Maria Polesca de Freitas ◽

Ricardo David Martins ◽

Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias ◽

Jane Sélia dos Reis Coimbra ◽

Rita de Cássia Superbi de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Process Design ◽

Scale Up ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Juice Processing ◽

Unit Operations ◽

Processing Line ◽

Balance Energy ◽

Solid Liquid

This work aimed to dimension a processing line for the extraction of pectin from passion fruit peels to the scale-up of an industrial pulp and juice processing plant. Taking into account that a medium-sized industry in Brazil processes 3,000 tons of passion fruit annually, the production of pectin was 23,934.24 kg·year-1, under the extraction conditions of 80 °C, 52.5 min, and 0.0002 mol·L-1 of citric acid. The process includes unit operations such as solid-liquid extraction, filtration, drying, and grinding of the pectin. The calculations of mass balance, energy balance, and the dimensioning of the equipment were made from data provided by the literature and by equipment suppliers. The results achieved help in the implementation of this process on an industrial scale.

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