scholarly journals A Microwave Tomography Strategy for Underwater Imaging via Ground Penetrating Radar

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ludeno ◽  
Luigi Capozzoli ◽  
Enzo Rizzo ◽  
Francesco Soldovieri ◽  
Ilaria Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Underwater Imaging ◽  
The Family ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Imaging Strategy ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Underwater Structures

Detection and monitoring of underwater structures is one of the most challenging applicative scenarios for remote sensing diagnostic techniques, among which ground penetrating radar (GPR). With this aim, an imaging strategy belonging to the family of microwave tomographic approaches is proposed herein. This strategy allows the imaging of objects located into a wet sand medium below a freshwater layer and it can find application in investigation of lakes, rivers, and hydraulic structures. The proposed strategy accounts for the layered structure of the scenario under test by exploiting a spatially variable equivalent permittivity in the inverse scattering model. This allows a reliable reconstruction of depth and horizontal size of underwater hidden objects. The imaging capabilities of the strategy are verified by processing experimental data referred to a laboratory environment reproducing a submerged archeological site at scale 1:1. The results are compared with those obtained by modelling the reference scenario as a homogeneous medium, in order to verify the effective improvement in terms of reconstruction accuracy.

DETECTION OF ROAD CAVITIES IN URBAN CITIES BY 3D GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
Zhenshi Shi ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Cavities under urban roads have increasingly become a great threat to the traffic safety in many cities. As a quick, effective, and high-resolution geophysical method, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used to detect and image near-surface objects. However, the interpretation of field GPR data is still challenging. For example, it is hard to distinguish reflections caused by road cavities or other urban utilities by a conventional 2D GPR survey. The superiority of 3D GPR in data interpretation is demonstrated by a laboratory experiment. Two pipes and a glass-made cavity buried in a sandpit show similar hyperbolic reflections in the 2D GPR profiles, and are hard to be discriminated. In contrast, their geometric shapes and dimensions are readily identified in the 3D image reconstructed from the synthetic 3D GPR dataset. Thus, a car-mounted 3D GPR system with two antenna arrays oriented in different polarization directions is developed, and has detected over 100 cavities in three Chinese cities over the past one year. The field data of two of the cavities are presented. As a result, the cavity depth, horizontal size and height can be accurately estimated from the 3D GPR dataset. Both laboratory and field experimental results indicate that 3D GPR possesses a great potential in detection and recognition of road cavities and utilities in the complicated urban environment.

scholarly journals Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Resistivity Methods to Locate Unmarked Graves: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2880
Author(s):  
Victoria Berezowski ◽  
Xanthé Mallett ◽  
Justin Ellis ◽  
Ian Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Source Of Information

The location of unmarked graves in forensic and archaeological investigations is legally and culturally important. In a forensic context, locating covert burials of missing persons can provide closure to the family, as well as facilitating the successful prosecution of the individual(s) responsible. Archaeologically, burials provide an important source of information about health, diet, physical anthropology, and culture. Despite the importance of these features, the location of unmarked graves with conventional archaeological and forensic techniques, such as excavation, is difficult and expensive. As a result, geophysical techniques have been widely applied to the location of unmarked graves as they are non-invasive, cost and time effective, and avoid the unnecessary disturbance of human remains. This article brings together the literature on ground penetrating radar (GPR), and two resistivity methods, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and fixed probe resistivity (FPR), on their ability to locate burials and reviews their use in forensic and archaeological investigations. This paper aims to provide law enforcement personnel, archaeologists, geophysicists, and interested academics with an overview of how these techniques work, how they have been previously applied to grave detection, and the strengths and weakness of these methods.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Deteksi Bentuk Objek Bawah Tanah Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra B-Scan pada Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Rahmayati Alindra ◽  
Heroe Wijanto ◽  
Koredianto Usman
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) adalah salah satu jenis radar yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah tanpa harus menggali dan merusak tanah. Sistem GPR terdiri atas pengirim (transmitter), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke generator sinyal dan bagian penerima (receiver), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke LNA dan ADC yang kemudian terhubung ke unit pengolahan data hasil survey serta display sebagai tampilan output-nya dan post  processing untuk alat bantu mendapatkan informasi mengenai suatu objek. GPR bekerja dengan cara memancarkan gelombang elektromagnetik ke dalam tanah dan menerima sinyal yang dipantulkan oleh objek-objek di bawah permukaan tanah. Sinyal yang diterima kemudian diolah pada bagian signal processing dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan gambaran kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah yang dapat dengan mudah dibaca dan diinterpretasikan oleh user. Signal processing sendiri terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu A-Scan yang meliputi perbaikan sinyal dan pendektesian objek satu dimensi, B-Scan untuk pemrosesan data dua dimensi  dan C-Scan untuk pemrosesan data tiga dimensi. Metode yang digunakan pada pemrosesan B-Scan salah satunya adalah dengan  teknik pemrosesan citra. Dengan pemrosesan citra, data survey B-scan diolah untuk didapatkan informasi mengenai objek. Pada penelitian ini, diterapkan teori gradien garis pada pemrosesan citra B-scan untuk menentukan bentuk dua dimensi dari objek bawah tanah yaitu persegi, segitiga atau lingkaran. 

FORWARD LOOKING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR WITH SYNTHETIC ANTENNA APERTURE FOR BURIED EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS DETECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Sugak ◽  
A. V. Bukin ◽  
N. G. Reznichenko
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Antenna Aperture ◽  
Buried Explosive ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Forward Looking

Influence of concrete relative humidity on the amplitude of Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal

10.1617/13815 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (248) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Laurens
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Reconstructing Properties of Subsurface from Ground-Penetrating Radar Data

PIERS Online ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Dongling Qiu ◽  
Takashi Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Localized Parametric Electromagnetic Inversion for Pavement Profiling with Ground Penetrating Radar

PIERS Online ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikun He ◽  
Jiaxue Liu ◽  
Renbiao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ground Penetrating
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