scholarly journals Towards Federated Satellite Systems and Internet of Satellites: The Federation Deployment Control Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Ruiz-de-Azua ◽  
Nicola Garzaniti ◽  
Alessandro Golkar ◽  
Anna Calveras ◽  
Adriano Camps
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Definition Of

Presently, the Earth Observation community is demanding applications that provide low latency and high downlink capabilities. An increase in downlink contacts becomes essential to meet these new requirements. The Federated Satellite Systems concept addresses this demand by promoting satellite collaborations to share unused downlink opportunities. These collaborations are established opportunistically and temporarily, posing multiple technology challenges to be implemented in-orbit. This work contributes to the definition of the Federation Deployment Control Protocol which formalizes a mechanism to fairly establish and manage these collaborations by employing a negotiation process between the satellites. Moreover, this manuscript presents the results of a validation campaign of this protocol with three stratospheric balloons. In summary, more than 27 federations with 63.0% of throughput were established during the field campaign. Some of these federations were used to download data to the ground, and others were established to balance data storage between balloons. These federations allowed also the extension of the coverage of a ground station with a federation that relayed data through a balloon, and the achievement of a hybrid scenario with one balloon forwarding data from a ground device. The results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is functional and ready to be embedded in a CubeSat mission.

scholarly journals BODY OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION SECTOR – A BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B5-2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Stelmaszczuk-Górska ◽  
E. Aguilar-Moreno ◽  
S. Casteleyn ◽  
D. Vandenbroucke ◽  
M. Miguel-Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
New Curricula

Abstract. With new Earth Observation (EO) and Geoinformation (GI) data sources increasingly becoming available, evermore new skills for data collection, processing, analysis and application are required. They are needed not only from scientists, but also from practitioners working in businesses, public and private EO*GI and related sectors. Aligning the continuously evolving skill sets demanded by the market and existing academic and vocational training programmes is not an easy task. Training programmes should be grounded in real needs of the sector and its labour market. To do this, it is necessary to identify the knowledge and skills needed, and map their interconnectivity in specific frameworks, which can later be used for the definition of new curricula or job-oriented learning paths. This paper presents a framework for the EO*GI sector, based on a Body of Knowledge (BoK), by creating a complete set of concepts with a semantic structure underneath that supports academia and industry. Creating and updating the BoK is supported by an editing tool, the Living Textbook and by experts in the EO*GI domain, who contributes to the BoK’s enrichment.

The cooperation between ESA and EU regarding the Earth observation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madel Carmen Muñoz Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Manuel de Faramiñán Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
The Earth

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Eicher, A
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

scholarly journals Estimating the Earth’s Outgoing Longwave Radiation Measured from a Moon-Based Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2201
Author(s):  
Hanlin Ye ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Jinsong Ping ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outgoing Longwave Radiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Observation Geometry ◽  
Global Mean

Moon-based Earth observations have attracted significant attention across many large-scale phenomena. As the only natural satellite of the Earth, and having a stable lunar surface as well as a particular orbit, Moon-based Earth observations allow the Earth to be viewed as a single point. Furthermore, in contrast with artificial satellites, the varied inclination of Moon-based observations can improve angular samplings of specific locations on Earth. However, the potential for estimating the global outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the Earth with such a platform has not yet been fully explored. To evaluate the possibility of calculating OLR using specific Earth observation geometry, we constructed a model to estimate Moon-based OLR measurements and investigated the potential of a Moon-based platform to acquire the necessary data to estimate global mean OLR. The primary method of our study is the discretization of the observational scope into various elements and the consequent integration of the OLR of all elements. Our results indicate that a Moon-based platform is suitable for global sampling related to the calculation of global mean OLR. By separating the geometric and anisotropic factors from the measurement calculations, we ensured that measured values include the effects of the Moon-based Earth observation geometry and the anisotropy of the scenes in the observational scope. Although our results indicate that higher measured values can be achieved if the platform is located near the center of the lunar disk, a maximum difference between locations of approximately 9 × 10−4 W m−2 indicates that the effect of location is too small to remarkably improve observation performance of the platform. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that a Moon-based platform has the potential to provide continuous, adequate, and long-term data for estimating global mean OLR.

OrbitCast: Exploiting Mega-Constellations for Low-Latency Earth Observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqi Lai ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Hewu Li ◽  
Mingyang Lv ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Low Latency

The Hexagonal ↔ Orthorhombic Structural Phase Transition in Claringbullite, Cu4FCl(OH)6

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Welch ◽  
Jens Najorka ◽  
Michael S. Rumsey ◽  
John Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Structural Phase Transition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Frustrated magnetic phases have been a perennial interest to theoreticians wishing to understand the energetics and behavior of quasi-chaotic systems at the quantum level. This behavior also has potentially wide applications to developing quantum data-storage devices. Several minerals are examples of such phases. Since the definition of herbertsmithite, Cu3ZnCl2(OH)6, as a new mineral in 2004 and the rapid realization of the significance of its structure as a frustrated antiferromagnetic phase with a triangular magnetic lattice, there has been intense study of its magnetic properties and those of synthetic compositional variants. In the past five years it has been recognized that the layered copper hydroxyhalides barlowite, Cu4BrF(OH)6, and claringbullite, Cu4FCl(OH)6, are also the parent structures of a family of kagome phases, as they also have triangular magnetic lattices. This paper concerns the structural behavior of claringbullite that is a precursor to the novel frustrated antiferromagnetic states that occur below 30 K in these minerals. The reversible hexagonal (P63/mmc) ↔ orthorhombic (Pnma or Cmcm) structural phase transition in barlowite at 200−270 K has been known for several years, but the details of the structural changes that occur through the transition have been largely unexplored, with the focus instead being on quantifying the low-temperature magnetic behavior of the orthorhombic phase. This paper reports the details of the structural phase transition in natural claringbullite at 100−293 K as studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The transition temperature has been determined to lie between 270 and 293 K. The progressive disordering of Cu at the unusual trigonal prismatic Cu(OH)6 site on heating is quantified through the phase transition for the first time, and a methodology for refining this disorder is presented. Key changes in the behavior of Cu(OH)4Cl2 octahedra in claringbullite have been identified that suggest why the Pnma structure is likely stabilized over an alternative Cmcm structure. It is proposed that the presence of a non-centrosymmetric octahedron in the Pnma structure allows more effective structural relaxation during the phase transition than can be achieved by the Cmcm structure, which has only centrosymmetric octahedra.

scholarly journals Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Colour (FRM4SOC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clive Banks ◽  
Riho Vendt ◽  
Krista Alikas ◽  
Agnieszka Bialek ◽  
Joel Kuusk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Ocean Colour ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Reference Measurements

Earth observation data can help us understand and address some of the grand challenges and threats facing us today as a species and as a planet, for example climate change and its impacts and sustainable use of the Earth’s resources. However, in order to have confidence in earth observation data, measurements made at the surface of the Earth, with the intention of providing verification or validation of satellite-mounted sensor measurements, should be trustworthy and at least of the same high quality as those taken with the satellite sensors themselves. Metrology tells us that in order to be trustworthy, measurements should include an unbroken chain of SI-traceable calibrations and comparisons and full uncertainty budgets for each of the in situ sensors. Until now, this has not been the case for most satellite validation measurements. Therefore, within this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) funded a series of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) projects targeting the validation of satellite data products of the atmosphere, land, and ocean, and setting the framework, standards, and protocols for future satellite validation efforts. The FRM4SOC project was structured to provide this support for evaluating and improving the state of the art in ocean colour radiometry (OCR) and satellite ocean colour validation through a series of comparisons under the auspices of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). This followed the recommendations from the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group’s white paper and supports the CEOS ocean colour virtual constellation. The main objective was to establish and maintain SI traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean colour and thus make a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This paper outlines the FRM4SOC project structure, objectives and methodology and highlights the main results and achievements of the project: (1) An international SI-traceable comparison of irradiance and radiance sources used for OCR calibration that set measurement, calibration and uncertainty estimation protocols and indicated good agreement between the participating calibration laboratories from around the world; (2) An international SI-traceable laboratory and outdoor comparison of radiometers used for satellite ocean colour validation that set OCR calibration and comparison protocols; (3) A major review and update to the protocols for taking irradiance and radiance field measurements for satellite ocean colour validation, with particular focus on aspects of data acquisition and processing that must be considered in the estimation of measurement uncertainty and guidelines for good practice; (4) A technical comparison of the main radiometers used globally for satellite ocean colour validation bringing radiometer manufacturers together around the same table for the first time to discuss instrument characterisation and its documentation, as needed for measurement uncertainty estimation; (5) Two major international side-by-side field intercomparisons of multiple ocean colour radiometers, one on the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) oceanographic cruise, and the other on the Acqua Alta oceanographic tower in the Gulf of Venice; (6) Impact and promotion of FRM within the ocean colour community, including a scientific road map for the FRM-based future of satellite ocean colour validation and vicarious calibration (based on the findings of the FRM4SOC project, the consensus from two major international FRM4SOC workshops and previous literature, including the IOCCG white paper on in situ ocean colour radiometry).

scholarly journals Development of conceptual principles of the circular economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sedikova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stable Development

High growth rates of natural resources consumption in recent years, pollution of the environment contribute to the development of theories regarding the future provision of natural resources on the Earth. Thepurpose of the article is to study the concept of sustainable development and the need for its introductioninto economic activity, definition of ideas influencing the modern concept of the circular economy. The concept of stable development and circular economy is analyzed, common features and differences are defined.It has been established that the circular economy is a prerequisite and driver of the fourth industrial revolution. The basis of the circular economy are closed supply chains. They combine the usual processes of adirect supply chain with reverse logistics processes, ranging from product recovery, disassembly and reuseof individual parts.

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