Evolution of Brightness and Color of the Night Sky in Madrid

Major schemes to replace other streetlight technologies with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps are being undertaken across much of the world. This is predicted to have important consequences for nighttime sky brightness and color. Here, we report the results of a long-term study of these characteristics focused on the skies above Madrid. The sky brightness and color monitoring station at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (inside the city) collected Johnson B, V, and R sky brightness data, Sky Quality Meter (SQM), and Telescope Encoder Sky Sensor-WiFi (TESS-W) broadband photometry throughout the night, every night between 2010–2020. Our analysis includes a data filtering process that can be used with other similar sky brightness monitoring data. Major changes in sky brightness and color took place during 2015–2016, when a sizable fraction of the streetlamps in Madrid changed from High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) to LEDs. The sky brightness detected in the Johnson B band darkened by 14% from 2011 to 2015 and brightened by 32% from 2015 to 2019.

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Evaluation of the cucumber gene pool of the VIR collection on precocity and fruiting period under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2020-1-16-21 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

T. M. Piskunova ◽

E. Kh. Sukhanberdina

Keyword(s):

Gene Pool ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Term Study ◽

Lower Volga Region ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Research Material ◽

World Collection ◽

The World ◽

Early Ripening

Relevance. In connection with the annual epiphytotic development of peronosporosis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostow. on cucumber and the absence varieties immune to this disease, it is advisable to create and cultivate precocious varieties and hybrids that can form the main part of the yield before the period of mass spread of the disease. In order to rationally use the cucumber gene pool long-term research of the world collection is carried out to search of sources of yield, precocity and resistance to peronosporosis.Material and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experimental Station of VIR (Volgograd province). The research material was 370 cucumber accessions from the world collection of VIR. Evaluation of accessions on a complex of signs was carried out according to methodical guidelines of VIR.Results and conclusions. Long-term study of cucumber accessions of various geographical origin showed that the duration of the interphase period "mass seedlings - the first harvest of fruits" did not differ significantly in samples of different geographical groups, most of them belong to the early ripening. It was found that the duration of the fruiting period depended on the degree of resistance of plants to peronosporosis: the higher the resistance of the variety or hybrid, the longer the fruiting period. A number of precocious, yielding hybrids and varieties, as well as samples with a long period of fruiting and relative resistance to peronosporosis, were allocated. The perspective material for the decision of separate problems in breeding of a cucumber is recommended.

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Riverfront as a re-territorialising arena of urban governance: Territorialisation and folding of the Xindian River in Taipei metropolis

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098020911875 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004209802091187

Author(s):

Chih-Hung Wang ◽

Yu-Ting Kao ◽

Jo-Tzu Huang

Keyword(s):

Flood Control ◽

Urban Governance ◽

Green Space ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Term Study ◽

Everyday Activities ◽

Long Term Study ◽

The City

This paper foregrounds the riverfront as a re-territorialising arena of urban governance. Through a long-term study of the Xindian River in Taipei metropolis, Taiwan, we illustrate how the riverfront can be the key locus where the expansion of the urban frontier is manifested through and intertwines with the transformation of nature. While first interwoven with everyday activities of subsistence, Xindian River was gradually turned into the periphery of the city and then green space for recreation, a process actualised through infrastructure aimed at flood control and waste treatment as well as other informal activities that challenge such measures. We propose that ‘territorialisation’ and ‘folding’ are notions that can grasp asymmetrical relations embedded in the physical landscape. We argue that a riverfront landscape composed by territorialisation and heterogeneous folding reveals that the emergence of a negotiable state–society relationship is pivotal in the production of the urban riverfront of Taipei.

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Understanding agricultural virtual water flows in the world from an economic perspective: A long term study

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 980-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Rosa Duarte ◽

Vicente Pinilla ◽

Ana Serrano

Keyword(s):

Virtual Water ◽

Economic Perspective ◽

Term Study ◽

Water Flows ◽

Long Term Study ◽

The World

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Short- and Long-Term Study of the Impact of Focal Blue Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Phototoxicity in Adult Albino Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22189742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 9742

Author(s):

Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero ◽

Alejandro Gallego-Ortega ◽

María Norte-Muñoz ◽

Johnny Di Pierdomenico ◽

José Manuel Bernal-Garro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Focal Lesion ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Impact

Background: In adult rats we study the short- and long-term effects of focal blue light-emitting diode (LED)-induced phototoxicity (LIP) on retinal thickness and Iba-1+ activation. Methods: The left eyes of previously dark-adapted Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were photoexposed to a blue LED (20 s, 200 lux). In vivo longitudinal monitoring of retinal thickness, fundus images, and optical retinal sections was performed from 1 to 30 days (d) after LIP with SD-OCT. Ex vivo, we analysed the population of S-cone and Iba-1+ cells within a predetermined fixed-size circular area (PCA) centred on the lesion. Results: LIP resulted in a circular focal lesion readily identifiable in vivo by fundus examination, which showed within the PCAs a progressive thinning of the outer retinal layer, and a diminution of the S-cone population to 19% by 30 d. In parallel to S-cone loss, activated Iba-1+ cells delineated the lesioned area and acquired an ameboid morphology with peak expression at 3 d after LIP. Iba-1+ cells adopted a more relaxed-branched morphology at 7 d and by 14–30 d their morphology was fully branched. Conclusion: LIP caused a progressive reduction of the outer retina with loss of S cones and a parallel dynamic activation of microglial cells in the lesioned area.

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