scholarly journals Wireless Sensors System for Stress Detection by Means of ECG and EDA Acquisition

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Affanni
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Time Plot

This paper describes the design of a two channels electrodermal activity (EDA) sensor and two channels electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor. The EDA sensors acquire data on the hands and transmit them to the ECG sensor with wireless WiFi communication for increased wearability. The sensors system acquires two EDA channels to improve the removal of motion artifacts that take place if EDA is measured on individuals who need to move their hands in their activities. The ECG channels are acquired on the chest and the ECG sensor is responsible for aligning the two ECG traces with the received packets from EDA sensors; the ECG sensor sends via WiFi the aligned packets to a laptop for real time plot and data storage. The metrological characterization showed high-level performances in terms of linearity and jitter; the delays introduced by the wireless transmission from EDA to ECG sensor have been proved to be negligible for the present application.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

Real-time High-Level Pain Quantification using a Smartphone and a Wrist-worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Heat Pain ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND The subjectiveness of pain leads to inaccurate pain management, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. The consequence is tremendous cost to society and individuals as the opioid crisis grows. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real time. OBJECTIVE We developed a smartphone-based system for real-time objective pain measurement and assessment using a wrist-worn electrodermal activity (EDA) device. METHODS Our smartphone application collects EDA signals from a wrist-worn device and evaluates pain based on the computation of three pain-sensitive EDA indices: the time-varying index of EDA (TVSymp); modified TVSymp (MTVSymp), and the derivative of phasic EDA (dPhEDA). For testing of our computational algorithms that were embedded in a smartphone application, ten subjects underwent heat pain using a thermal grill, which delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). The thermal grill induces heat pain perception without tissue injury using the temperature difference between warm and cold water. All of the wearable-collected EDA signal processing was performed using a smartphone application. Furthermore, another group of fifteen subjects underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses (EP), which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. For EP data collection, EDA signals were collected using a non-wearable device but the same smartphone application was used to calculate the EDA-derived pain indices. We set 5-second segments before and after each pain stimulus to be painless and pain segments, respectively, and trained eight machine-learning classifiers to test the feasibility of our smartphone and EDA-based system to detect pain in real-time. Parameters of the classifiers were optimized using the grid search cross-validation technique. We trained and tested the classifiers on both datasets with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach to prevent over-fitting of the models. RESULTS We obtained up to 82.1% accuracy in detecting pain. We also trained using only one dataset at a time and tested with other datasets (and vice versa) and achieved up to 83.1% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection. This approach can potentially enable pain quantification for both acute and chronic pain and it is especially suited for subjects with communication disorders as well as infants.

High-End Storage

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-152
Author(s):  
Isabel Schwerdtfeger
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Extreme Scale ◽  
High Level

This chapter discusses the challenges high-end storage solutions will have with future demands. Due to heavy end-user demands for real-time processing of data access, this need must be addressed by high-end storage solutions. But what type of high-end storage solutions address this need and are suitable to ensure high performance write and retrieval of data in real-time from high- end storage infrastructures, including read and write access from digital archives? For this reason, this chapter reviews a few disk and tape solutions as well as combined disk- and tape storage solutions. The review on the different storage solutions does not focus on compliance of data storage management, but on available commercial high-end systems, addressing scalability and performance requirements both for online storage and archives. High level requirements aid in identifying high-end storage system features and support Extreme Scale infrastructures for the amount of data that high-end storage systems will need to manage in future.

Real-Time ECG-Based Biometric Authentication System

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Jagannath Mohan ◽  
Adalarasu Kanagasabai ◽  
Vetrivelan Pandu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
Biometric Authentication ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Authentication System ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Security plays an important role in present day situation where identity fraud and terrorism pose a great threat. Recognizing human using computers or any artificial systems not only affords some efficient security outcomes but also facilitates human services, especially in the zone of conflict. In the recent decade, the demand for improvement in security for personal data storage has grown rapidly, and among the potential alternatives, it is one that employs innovative biometric identification techniques. Amongst these behavioral biometric techniques, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is being chosen as a physiological modality due to the uniqueness of its characteristics which integrates liveness detection, significantly preventing spoof attacks. The chapter discusses the overview of existing preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods for ECG-based biometric authentication. The proposed system is intended to develop applications for real-time authentication.

Low-power Low-cost Wireless Sensors for Real-time Plant Stress Detection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Zeni ◽  
Elizabeth Ondula ◽  
Reagan Mbitiru ◽  
Agnes Nyambura ◽  
Lianna Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Detection

Design of Portable Electrocardiograph Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hua-Ping ◽  
Zhao Jun-Long ◽  
Liu Jun
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Ecg Data

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major diseases that threaten the human health. But the existing electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring system has many limitations in practical application. In order to monitor ECG in real time, a portable ECG monitoring system based on the Android platform is developed to meet the needs of the public. The system uses BMD101 ECG chip to collect and process ECG signals in the Android system, where data storage and waveform display of ECG data can be realized. The Bluetooth HC-07 module is used for ECG data transmission. The abnormal ECG can be judged by P wave, QRS bandwidth, and RR interval. If abnormal ECG is found, an early warning mechanism will be activated to locate the user’s location in real time and send preset short messages, so that the user can get timely treatment, avoiding dangerous occurrence. The monitoring system is convenient and portable, which brings great convenie to the life of ordinary cardiovascular users.

scholarly journals Graph-Based Construction of 3D Korean Giwa House Models

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mankyu Sung
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Texture Image ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complicated Part ◽  
Different Parts

This paper proposes a graph-based algorithm for constructing 3D Korean traditional houses automatically using a computer graphics technique. In particular, we target designing the most popular traditional house type, a giwa house, whose roof is covered with a set of Korean traditional roof tiles called giwa. In our approach, we divided the whole design processes into two different parts. At a high level, we propose a special data structure called ‘modeling graphs’. A modeling graph consists of a set of nodes and edges. A node represents a particular component of the house and an edge represents the connection between two components with all associated parameters, including an offset vector between components. Users can easily add/ delete nodes and make them connect by an edge through a few mouse clicks. Once a modeling graph is built, then it is interpreted and rendered on a component-by-component basis by traversing nodes in a procedural way. At a low level, we came up with all the required parameters for constructing the components. Among all the components, the most beautiful but complicated part is the gently curved roof structures. In order to represent the sophisticated roof style, we introduce a spline curve-based modeling technique that is able to create curvy silhouettes of three different roof styles. In this process, rather than just applying a simple texture image onto the roof, which is widely used in commercial software, we actually laid out 3D giwa tiles on the roof seamlessly, which generated more realistic looks. Through many experiments, we verified that the proposed algorithm can model and render the giwa house at a real time rate.

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