Discourse Markers in Tertiary Level Students’ Essay Writing: Ability and Problems

Writing is a fundamental, yet complicated part of language learning. In writing, Discourse Markers is an indispensable component of writing quality. The aim of the present study was to find out how Discourse Markers (DM) were applied to build coherence in EFL students’ essay writing and the problems encountered. Descriptive design was applied; analyzed 52 target DM and how they were used in 30 academic essay writing. The participants of the study were 30 students majoring in English Education of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang academic year 2019/2020. The results revealed that the participants employ 32 DM in 221 occurrences, in which 102 occurrences were inappropriately used. The problematic matters cover non-equivalent exchange (52 occurrences), and overuse (48 occurrences). Despite their awareness of the importance of DM to assure the coherence of their essays, they need to develop their ability to use DM correctly and efficiently to make their writing connected more logically. Keywords: discourse markers, coherence, essays.

Microstructural Evolution and Growth of Intermetallic Compounds at the Interface between Solid Cast Iron and Liquid Al–Si Alloy

Compound casting has received a great deal of attention as a useful method for fabricating a single complicated part from dissimilar metallic materials. For example, in the case of automobile cylinder blocks, research is being carried out to compound cast iron with aluminum alloys. In order to manufacture such as composite parts, it is essential to control the intermetallic compound formed at the interface between two metals. In this research, the type and growth behavior of compounds formed at the interface between cast iron and aluminum, or Al–Si alloy, were investigated. It was observed that the Al5Fe2 phase was mainly formed at the interface between the pure aluminum melt and the solid cast iron, and the thickness of the interfacial compound increased proportionally with increasing contact time. On the other hand, more complex phases were formed at the interface between the Al–Si alloy melt and the solid cast iron. In the case of a specimen having a contact time of 10 min, Al4.5FeSi, Al8Fe2Si and Al5Fe2 phases appeared to occupy the largest portion of the interfacial compound region. The total thickness of the interfacial compounds also increased in proportion to the contact time.

Instrument observation strategy for a new generation of three-axis-stabilized geostationary meteorological satellites from China

The Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite series is a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites from China. The newly adopted three-axis-stabilized attitude-control platform can increase observation efficiency and flexibility while bringing great challenges for image navigation as well as integrated observation mode design. Considering the requirements of earth observation, navigation and calibration as well as observation flexibility, instrument observation strategies are proposed. These include the earth, the moon, stars, cold space, blackbody and diffuser observations on which the instruments' in-orbit daily observations must be based. The most complicated part is the star observation strategy, while navigation precision is dependent on in-orbit star observations. A flexible, effective, stable and automatic star observation strategy directly influences star data acquisition and navigation precision. According to the requirement of navigation, two specific star observation strategies for the two main instruments on board FY-4A were proposed to be used in the operational ground system. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4A in-orbit tests for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given, including instrument observation strategies, star observation strategies and moon observation tasks, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed observation strategies, which lay important foundations for the instruments' daily operation.

Graph-Based Construction of 3D Korean Giwa House Models

This paper proposes a graph-based algorithm for constructing 3D Korean traditional houses automatically using a computer graphics technique. In particular, we target designing the most popular traditional house type, a giwa house, whose roof is covered with a set of Korean traditional roof tiles called giwa. In our approach, we divided the whole design processes into two different parts. At a high level, we propose a special data structure called ‘modeling graphs’. A modeling graph consists of a set of nodes and edges. A node represents a particular component of the house and an edge represents the connection between two components with all associated parameters, including an offset vector between components. Users can easily add/ delete nodes and make them connect by an edge through a few mouse clicks. Once a modeling graph is built, then it is interpreted and rendered on a component-by-component basis by traversing nodes in a procedural way. At a low level, we came up with all the required parameters for constructing the components. Among all the components, the most beautiful but complicated part is the gently curved roof structures. In order to represent the sophisticated roof style, we introduce a spline curve-based modeling technique that is able to create curvy silhouettes of three different roof styles. In this process, rather than just applying a simple texture image onto the roof, which is widely used in commercial software, we actually laid out 3D giwa tiles on the roof seamlessly, which generated more realistic looks. Through many experiments, we verified that the proposed algorithm can model and render the giwa house at a real time rate.

Instrument observation strategy of new generation three-axis stabilized geostationary meteorological satellite of China

Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite series is the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite of China. Thenewly adopted three-axis stabilized attitude control platform can increase observation efficiency and flexibility, while bringing great challenge to image navigation as well as integrated observation mode design. Considering the requirements of the earth observation, navigation and calibration besides observation flexibility, instrument observation strategies are proposed, including the earth, the moon, stars, cold space, blackbody, diffuser observations, on which the instruments' in-orbit daily observations must be based. The most complicated part is star observation strategy, while navigation precision is dependent on in-orbit star observations. Flexible, effective, stable and automatic star observation strategy directly influences obtaining star data and navigation precision. According to the requirement of navigation, two specific star observation strategies for the two main instruments onboard FY-4 were proposed to be used in the operational ground system. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4 in-orbit test for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given, including instrument observation strategies, star observation strategies and moon tasks, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed observation strategies, which lay important foundations for the instruments' daily operation.

Multicore workload scheduling in JUNO[1]

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is going to apply parallel computing in its software to accelerate JUNO data processing and fully use capability of multi-core and manycore CPUs. Therefore, it is necessary for the JUNO distributed computing system to explore the way to support single-core and multi-core jobs in a consistent way. To support multi-core jobs, a series of changes to the job descriptions, scheduling, monitoring needs to be considered, in which the pilot-based scheduling for a hybrid of single-core and multi-core jobs is the most complicated part. Two scheduling modes and their efficiency are presented and compared in this paper, and also a way to optimize efficiency is provided.

A Review of 3D Food Printing Technology

The additive manufacturing technology has been applied to directly construct physical model from 3D model without mold and die. Several industries utilize this technology to manufacture a complicated part such as automobile, aerospace including food industry. The advantage 3D food printing are ability to produce complex food model and ability to design unique pattern. A 3D food printing technique is composed of an extrusion-based printing, binder jetting and inkjet printing. The food materials such as sugar, chocolate, and cheese are used to create designed shape based on layer-by-layer. This paper presents a review of 3D food printing techniques. This review is to categorize, printability, productivity, properties of material and mechanism of 3D food printing techniques, as well as to provide the direction of future development.

Analytical Homogenization for Dynamic Analysis of Composite Membranes with Circular Inclusions in Hexagonal Lattice Structures

Free vibrations of a composite membrane with a hexagonal lattice circular inclusion are investigated. We aim at a study of the lower frequency spectrum, i.e. it is assumed that the minimum space period of the eigenform is essentially larger than the characteristic dimension of the cell periodicity of the analyzed structure. This implies a possibility of approximating the composite structure by the homogenized one with effective characteristics. The latter is yielded by the multi-scale homogenization approach. Introduction of slow and fast variables yields both counterpart quasistatic local problem regarding the periodically repeated cell and global (homogenized) dynamic problem for homogeneous material with effective properties. The most complicated part of this approach concerns in finding a solution to the local problem. It has been analytically found in the presented paper for relatively large inclusion sizes using lubrication approach. The performed numerical validation of the obtained results shows high accuracy of the implemented approach.

Metal to Composite Plastic Conversion of Mechanically Loaded Part Using Numerical CAE Analyses

The material replacement of component is often used procedure, which helps to reduce production costs, simplify manufacturing, improve functional properties of component and bring another benefits. In the last years, more and more metal parts are converted to plastic, also in the cases of mechanically loaded parts. For these special applications, the fibre reinforced composite plastics are successfully used. However, the mechanical properties of composite plastic are strongly dependent on the fibres orientation and following anisotropic behaviour. Moreover, the orientation of fibres is influenced by the conditions of the part production. Due to the number of these dependencies, the material conversion becomes a complex task which cannot be solved with analytical approach. Especially in case of complicated part geometry. In this study, the connection of two different numerical solvers was used for material conversion of a part from automotive industry. First, the new geometry of analyzed part was designed in order to compensate lower mechanical properties of plastic in comparison to metal. Next, the new part manufacturing was simulated and this way obtained anisotropic properties of composite plastic were described. Finally, the structural analyses of original metal and new composite plastic part with real anisotropic properties were performed to verify achievement of material conversion. The aim of this study is to demonstrate, how numerical analyses can help to predict an unexpected result.

MAGNETIC FLUID HYPERTHERMIA IN A CYLINDRICAL GEL CONTAINS WATER FLOW

In magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), nanoparticles are injected into a diseased tissue and then subjected to an alternating high frequency magnetic field. The produced heat may have a key asset to destroy the cancerous cells. The blood flow in a tissue is considered as the most complicated part of the MFH which should be taken into account in the analysis of the MFH. This study was aimed to perform an experimental study to investigate the heat transfer of agar gel which contains fluid flow. Fe 3 O 4 as a nanoparticle was injected into the center of a cylindrical gel. It was also embedded with other cylindrical gels and subjected to an alternating magnetic field of 7.3 (kA/m) and a frequency of 50 (kHz) for 3600 (s). The temperature of the gel was measured at three points. The temperature distribution was measured via the experimental data. Moreover, specific absorption rate (SAR) was quantified with time differential temperature function at t = 0 by means of experimental data. Finite element method (FEM) was employed to establish a model to validate the SAR function. Results revealed the effects of fluid flow and accuracy of the SAR function for heat production in gel. The proposed function have implications in hyperthermia studies as a heat generation source. Finally, the condition of experimental setup was simulated to find the blood perfusion.