Link-Correlation-Aware Opportunistic Routing in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Networks

In low-duty-cycle wireless networks with unreliable and correlated links, Opportunistic Routing (OR) is extremely costly because of the unaligned working schedules of nodes within a common candidate forwarder set. In this work, we propose a novel polynomial-time node scheduling scheme considering link correlation for OR in low-duty-cycle wireless networks (LDC-COR), which significantly improves the performance by assigning nodes with low correlation to a common group and scheduling the nodes within this group to wake up simultaneously for forwarding packets in a common cycle. By taking account of both link correlation and link quality, the performance of the expected transmission count (ETX) is improved by adopting the LDC-COR protocol. As a result, the energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR is significantly reduced. LDC-COR only requires the information of one-hop neighboring nodes which introduces minimal communication overhead. The proposed LDC-COR bridges the gap between the nodes’ limited energy resource and the application lifetime requirements. We evaluate the performance of LDC-COR with extensive simulations and a physical wireless testbed consisting of 20 TelosB nodes. The evaluation results show that both transmission efficiency and energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR are significantly improved with only a slight increase of end-to-end delay.

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Collection tree-based opportunistic routing protocol with low duty cycle

Journal of Computer Applications ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.03394 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 3394-3397

Author(s):

Dan XU ◽

Xiaojiang CHEN ◽

Junjie HUANG ◽

Xiaoyan YIN ◽

Dingyi FANG

Keyword(s):

Routing Protocol ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Opportunistic Routing ◽

Low Duty Cycle

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Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327909666191026092311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Premkumar Chithaluru ◽

Rajeev Tiwari ◽

Kamal Kumar

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Data Communication ◽

Opportunistic Routing ◽

Link Quality ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Wireless Medium ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption

Background: Energy Efficient wireless routing has been an area of research particularly to mitigate challenges surrounding performance in category of Wireless Networks. Objectives: The Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique was explored in recent times and exhibits benefits over many existing protocols and can significantly reduce energy consumption during data communication with very limited compromise on performance. Methods : Using broadcasting nature of the wireless medium, OR practices to discourse two foremost issues of variable link quality and unpredictable node agility in constrained WSNs. OR has a potential to reduce delay in order to increase the consistency of data delivery in network. Results : Various OR based routing protocols have shown varying performances. In this paper, a detailed conceptual and experimental analysis is carried out on different protocols that uses OR technique for providing more clear and definitive view on performance parameters like Message Success Rate, Packet Delivery Ratio and Energy Consumption.

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Adaptive time synchronization method for low duty cycle wireless sensor networks considering low energy consumption

2021 International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE) ◽

10.1109/cisce52179.2021.9445985 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shaojun Yu ◽

Yujian Wang ◽

Kaiguo Qian

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Time Synchronization ◽

Low Energy ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Low Duty Cycle ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Adaptive Time

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Opportunistic Routing in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks ◽

10.1145/2533686 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Euhanna Ghadimi ◽

Olaf Landsiedel ◽

Pablo Soldati ◽

Simon Duquennoy ◽

Mikael Johansson

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Opportunistic Routing ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Low Duty Cycle

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A new opportunistic routing scheme in low duty-cycle WSNs for monitoring infrequent events

2014 IFIP Wireless Days (WD) ◽

10.1109/wd.2014.7020836 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed-Haykel Zayani ◽

Nadjib Aitsaadi ◽

Paul Muhlethaler

Keyword(s):

Duty Cycle ◽

Opportunistic Routing ◽

Routing Scheme ◽

Low Duty Cycle

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Modified Echo State Network Enabled Dynamic Duty Cycle for Optimal Opportunistic Routing in EH-WSNs

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9010098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Rajkumar Singh Rathore ◽

Suman Sangwan ◽

Kabita Adhikari ◽

Rupak Kharel

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Opportunistic Routing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Echo State Network ◽

Proposed Model

Minimizing energy consumption is one of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited size of batteries and the resource constrained tiny sensor nodes. Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) is one of the promising solutions to minimize the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks for prolonging the overall network lifetime. However, static energy harvesting in individual sensor nodes is normally limited and unbalanced among the network nodes. In this context, this paper proposes a modified echo state network (MESN) based dynamic duty cycle with optimal opportunistic routing (OOR) for EH-WSNs. The proposed model is used to act as a predictor for finding the expected energy consumption of the next slot in dynamic duty cycle. The model has adapted a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for optimally selecting the weights of the neurons in the reservoir layer of the echo state network towards minimizing energy consumption at each node as well as at the network level. The adapted WOA enabled energy harvesting model provides stable output from the MESN relying on optimal weight selection in the reservoir layer. The dynamic duty cycle is updated based on energy consumption and optimal threshold energy for transmission and reception at bit level. The proposed OOR scheme uses multiple energy centric parameters for selecting the relay set oriented forwarding paths for each neighbor nodes. The performance analysis of the proposed model in realistic environments attests the benefits in terms of energy centric metrics such as energy consumption, network lifetime, delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput as compared to the state-of-the-art-techniques.

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