scholarly journals Upper Limb Movement Measurement Systems for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Literature Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7884
Author(s):  
Celia Francisco-Martínez ◽  
Juan Prado-Olivarez ◽  
José A. Padilla-Medina ◽  
Javier Díaz-Carmona ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Pinal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Kinect Sensor ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Joint Assessment

Quantifying the quality of upper limb movements is fundamental to the therapeutic process of patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Several clinical methods are currently available to assess the upper limb range of motion (ROM) in children with CP. This paper focuses on identifying and describing available techniques for the quantitative assessment of the upper limb active range of motion (AROM) and kinematics in children with CP. Following the screening and exclusion of articles that did not meet the selection criteria, we analyzed 14 studies involving objective upper extremity assessments of the AROM and kinematics using optoelectronic devices, wearable sensors, and low-cost Kinect sensors in children with CP aged 4–18 years. An increase in the motor function of the upper extremity and an improvement in most of the daily tasks reviewed were reported. In the population of this study, the potential of wearable sensors and the Kinect sensor natural user interface as complementary devices for the quantitative evaluation of the upper extremity was evident. The Kinect sensor is a clinical assessment tool with a unique markerless motion capture system. Few authors had described the kinematic models and algorithms used to estimate their kinematic analysis in detail. However, the kinematic models in these studies varied from 4 to 10 segments. In addition, few authors had followed the joint assessment recommendations proposed by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB). This review showed that three-dimensional analysis systems were used primarily for monitoring and evaluating spatiotemporal variables and kinematic parameters of upper limb movements. The results indicated that optoelectronic devices were the most commonly used systems. The joint assessment recommendations proposed by the ISB should be used because they are approved standards for human kinematic assessments. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021257211).

scholarly journals Measurement of Upper Limb Range of Motion Using Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrin P. Walmsley ◽  
Sîan A. Williams ◽  
Tiffany Grisbrook ◽  
Catherine Elliott ◽  
Christine Imms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Wearable Sensors

scholarly journals Upper Extremity Strength Measurement for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Available Instruments

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen J.F.M. Dekkers ◽  
Eugene A.A. Rameckers ◽  
Rob J.E.M. Smeets ◽  
Yvonne J.M. Janssen-Potten
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background In order to make inferences about strength related to development or treatment interventions, it is important to use measurement instruments that have sound clinimetric properties. Purpose The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the level of evidence of the clinimetric properties of instruments for measuring upper extremity muscle strength at the “body functions & structures” level of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Data Sources A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, OTseeker, CINAHL, PEDro, and MEDLINE databases up to November 2012 was performed. Study Selection Two independent raters identified and examined studies that reported the use of upper extremity strength measurement instruments and methods for children and adolescents with CP aged 0 to 18 years. Data Extraction The COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) checklist with 4-point rating scale was used by 2 independent raters to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Best evidence synthesis was performed using COSMIN outcomes and the quality of the clinimetric properties. Data Synthesis Six different measurement instruments or methods were identified. Test-retest, interrater, and intrarater reliability were investigated. Two test-retest reliability studies were rated as “fair” for the level of evidence. All other studies were rated as “unknown” for the level of evidence. Limitations The paucity of literature describing clinimetric properties, especially other than reliability, of upper limb strength measurement instruments for children with CP was a limitation of the study. Conclusions For measuring grip strength, the Jamar dynamometer is recommended. For other muscle groups, handheld dynamometry is recommended. Manual muscle testing (MMT) can be used in case of limited (below MMT grade 4) wrist strength or for total upper limb muscle strength. Based on lacking information regarding other clinimetric properties, caution is advised regarding interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Upper Extremity Tendon Transfers: A Brief Review of History, Common Applications, and Technical Tips

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Jason Gardenier ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Chaitanya Mudgal
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Tendon Transfers

Abstract Background Tendon transfer in the upper extremity represents a powerful tool in the armamentarium of a reconstructive surgeon in the setting of irreparable nerve injury or the anatomic loss of key portions of the muscle-tendon unit. The concept uses the redundancy/expendability of tendons by utilizing a nonessential tendon to restore the function of a lost or nonfunctional muscle-tendon unit of the upper extremity. This article does not aim to perform a comprehensive review of tendon transfers. Instead it is meant to familiarize the reader with salient historical features, common applications in the upper limb, and provide the reader with some technical tips, which may facilitate a successful tendon transfer. Learning Objectives (1) Familiarize the reader with some aspects of tendon transfer history. (2) Identify principles of tendon transfers. (3) Identify important preoperative considerations. (4) Understand the physiology of the muscle-tendon unit and the Blix curve. (5) Identify strategies for setting tension during a tendon transfer and rehabilitation strategies. Design This study was designed to review the relevant current literature and provide an expert opinion. Conclusions Tendon transfers have evolved from polio to tetraplegia to war and represent an extremely powerful technique to correct neurologic and musculotendinous deficits in a variety of patients affected by trauma, peripheral nerve palsies, cerebral palsy, stroke, and inflammatory arthritis. In the contemporary setting, these very same principles have also been very successfully applied to vascularized composite allotransplantation in the upper limb.

Impact of somatosensory interventions on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a single-subject design study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Moloud Khoshbakht ◽  
Parvin Raji ◽  
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari ◽  
Mahmoud Mahmodian
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Hemiplegia

Background/aims Hemiplegia is one of the most common types of cerebral palsy. Upper limb dysfunction in these children can affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of somatosensory interventions on upper extremity sensory and motor functions in spastic hemiplegic children. Methods This single-subject study was performed in the occupational therapy clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Three participants (two boys and one girl) aged 8–12 years with spastic hemiplegia were assessed during baseline, treatment and follow-up phases. During the treatment phase, the children received 12 tactile and proprioceptive stimulation (active, passive and playful) sessions over 4 weeks. Four sensory measures (tactile localisation, stereognosis, two-point discrimination, proprioception) and one motor measure (Box and Block Test) were assessed during each phase. Results Improvement in function was seen in all three children based on visual analysis, with significant differences between the baseline and treatment scores in the majority of measures for all participants. Changes were sustained at follow up for most tests. The effect size was large for all three children. Conclusions Despite the small number of participants, sensory intervention with a focus on sensory deficits could help to improve upper extremity sensory and motor function in children with spastic hemiplegia.

scholarly journals A Game-Based Rehabilitation System for Upper-Limb Cerebral Palsy: A Feasibility Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Daoud ◽  
Abdullah Alhusseini ◽  
Mostafa Z. Ali ◽  
Rami Alazrai
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Kinect Sensor ◽  
Computerized Assessment ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
The Right

Game-based rehabilitation systems provide an effective tool to engage cerebral palsy patients in physical exercises within an exciting and entertaining environment. A crucial factor to ensure the effectiveness of game-based rehabilitation systems is to assess the correctness of the movements performed by the patient during the game-playing sessions. In this study, we propose a game-based rehabilitation system for upper-limb cerebral palsy that includes three game-based exercises and a computerized assessment method. The game-based exercises aim to engage the participant in shoulder flexion, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction, and shoulder adduction physical exercises that target the right arm. Human interaction with the game-based rehabilitation system is achieved using a Kinect sensor that tracks the skeleton joints of the participant. The computerized assessment method aims to assess the correctness of the right arm movements during each game-playing session by analyzing the tracking data acquired by the Kinect sensor. To evaluate the performance of the computerized assessment method, two groups of participants volunteered to participate in the game-based exercises. The first group included six cerebral palsy children and the second group included twenty typically developing subjects. For every participant, the computerized assessment method was employed to assess the correctness of the right arm movements in each game-playing session and these computer-based assessments were compared with matching gold standard evaluations provided by an experienced physiotherapist. The results reported in this study suggest the feasibility of employing the computerized assessment method to evaluate the correctness of the right arm movements during the game-playing sessions.

scholarly journals Clinical validation of kinematic assessments of post-stroke upper limb movements with a multi-joint arm exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Grimm ◽  
Jelena Kraugmann ◽  
Georgios Naros ◽  
Alireza Gharabaghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Upper Limb Movements

Abstract BACKGROUND: The clinical evaluation of the upper limb of severely impaired stroke patient is challenging. Sensor-based assessments may allow for an objective evaluation of this patient population. This study investigated the validity of a device-assisted approach in comparison to the clinical outcome that it is supposed to reflect. METHODS: In nineteen severely impaired chronic stroke patients, we applied a gravity-compensating, multi-joint arm exoskeleton (Armeo Spring) and compared this sensor-based assessment with the clinical outcome measure Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA) scale. Specifically, we assessed separately and subsequently the range of motion in joint space for four single joints (i.e., angles of wrist, elbow, arm, and shoulder movement), and the closing and opening of the hand with a pressure sensor placed in the handle. The same position (neutral zero) with a distance of 90 degrees between forearm and upper arm was taken as the starting position for all assessments. RESULTS: Within the kinematic parameters, a strong correlation was observed between wrist and elbow movements (r > 0.7, p<0.003; Bonferroni corrected). The UE-FMA was significantly predicted by a multiple regression model (F (5, 13) = 12.22, p < 0.0005, adj. R2 = 0.83). Both shoulder rotation and grip pressure added significantly (p < 0.05) to the prediction with the standardized coefficients β of 0.55 and 0.38, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: By applying an exoskeleton-based self-contained evaluation of single-joint movements, a clinically valid assessment of the upper limb range of motion in severely impaired stroke patients is feasible. Shoulder rotation contributed most relevantly to the prediction of the clinical status. These findings need to be confirmed in a large, independent patient cohort.

Analysis and prediction of upper extremity movements by cyclograms

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Kutilek ◽  
Vladimir Socha ◽  
Karel Hana
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Assistive Robotics ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Prosthesis Control ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractQuantification of upper extremity movement is a common objective in both research and clinical practice. Currently, methods based on angle-angle diagrams, also called cyclograms, seem to be promising. Nevertheless, compared to the study of lower limbs, the concept of angle-angle diagrams has not been systematically used to study upper limb movements during walking. The paper describes two examples of new methods based on angle-angle diagrams for application in rehabilitation and assistive robotics. The cyclograms represent information about the relationship between the angles and their changes over time. We used cyclograms as patterns for learning artificial neural networks and predicting the movement of upper-limb. Together with artificial intelligence, cyclograms offer wide scope of application in prosthesis control systems. Using bilateral cyclogram, the information about the relationship between the right and left arm joint angles is used to evaluate the symmetry of movements. The method based on the orientation of the bilateral cyclogram can be used as an additional method for determining the symmetry of movements of the upper limbs or exo-prosthesis.

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