Integration of Microclimate into the Multi-Agent System Simulation in Urban Public Space

Urban public space is the main place for human outdoor activities. Simulating human behavior through the Multi-Agent System (MAS) is one of the most important methods for studying public space. However, most of the research on this topic is concerned with the way people behave and the connection to spatial layouts. It ignores the fact that in outdoor spaces, microclimate factors tend to have a more important impact on human behavior. In this study, microclimate factors were narrowed down into two main factors: outdoor thermal perception and sunshine perception. Both of these factors are integrated into the traditional MAS, together with visual perception as the influence factors of agent action. The new MAS was developed in Processing language and can dynamically and visually show agents activities in the space. Taking Gulou Square in Nanjing, China, as a case, the simulations were carried out with three typical meteorological days of spring equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice. Through comparing the simulation results at different times, we found that the new MAS exhibits a significant impact of microclimate on human behavior. The new MAS can be used reasonably and effectively for the design and evaluation of urban public space.