scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Concurrent Training Cessation on the Energy Cost of Running and Neuromuscular Performances in Middle-Distance Runners

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Laurent Bosquet
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Energy Cost Of Running ◽  
Training Protocol

Evidence supports the implementation of concurrent strength and running training, within the same mesocycle, to improve performances in middle- and long-distance events. However, very little is known about the effects of concurrent training cessation. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the effects of 4 weeks of explosive strength training cessation after an 8-week concurrent training protocol. Eight runners completed this study, which first included either plyometric (n = 4) or dynamic weight training (n = 4) in addition to the usual running regimen. Explosive strength training was thereafter interrupted for 4 weeks, during which running sessions were maintained. Participants were tested at baseline, after concurrent training and after concurrent training cessation. The results suggest that the energy cost of running improvements observed after the intervention (−5.75%; 95% CI = −8.47 to −3.03) were maintained once explosive strength training was interrupted (−6.31%; 95% CI = −10.30 to −2.32). The results also suggest that neuromuscular performances were maintained after 4 weeks of concurrent training cessation, especially when tests were specific to the training intervention. Furthermore, a 3000m time trial revealed a similar pattern, with improvements after the concurrent mesocycle (−2.40%; 95% CI = −4.65 to −0.16) and after concurrent training cessation (−4.43%; 95% CI = −6.83 to −2.03). Overall, only trivial changes were observed for aerobic endurance and V˙O2peak. Together, these results suggest that short-term explosive strength training cessation might be beneficial and could be considered as a taper strategy for middle-distance runners. However, coaches and athletes must interpret these results cautiously considering the study’s low sample size and the very limited available literature in this domain.

scholarly journals The relationship between lower limb maximal and explosive strength and change of direction ability: Comparison of basketball and tennis players, and long-distance runners

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256347
Author(s):  
Žiga Kozinc ◽  
Darjan Smajla ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Change-of-direction (CoD) ability is an important determinant of athletic performance. Muscle strength is among the most important determinants of CoD ability. However, previous studies investigating the relationship between CoD ability and muscle strength focused mostly on flexor and extensor muscle groups, or used multi-joint exercises, such as jumps, squats or mid-thigh pull. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CoD ability and strength of ankle, knee, hip and trunk maximal and explosive strength. The participants (n = 327), consisting of male and female basketball players, tennis players and long-distance runners completed isometric strength assessments and CoD testing (90° and 180° turn tests). The times of both CoD tests were associated with muscle strength (peak torques and the rate of torque development variables), with correlation coefficients being mostly weak to moderate (r = 0.2–0.6). Strength variables explained 33%, 62% and 48% of the variance in the 90° turn task, and 42%, 36% and 59% of the variance in the 180° turn task, in basketball players, long-distance runners and tennis players, respectively. Hip and trunk muscle strength variables were the most prevalent in the regression models, especially hip adduction and abduction strength. Our results suggest that the strength of several lower limb muscles, in particular of the hip abductors and adductors, and trunk muscles, but also hip rotators, extensors and flexors, as well as knee and ankle flexors and extensors should be considered when aiming to improve CoD performance.

scholarly journals Strength-Training with Whole-Body Vibration in Long-Distance Runners: A Randomized Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bertuzzi ◽  
L. Pasqua ◽  
S. Bueno ◽  
M. Damasceno ◽  
A. Lima-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Body Vibration

scholarly journals Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Miller P. Guimarães ◽  
Yuri A.C. Campos ◽  
Hiago L.R. de Souza ◽  
Gaspar P. da Silva ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Incremental Protocol ◽  
Fourth Session ◽  
Training Protocol

The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Endurance and Explosive Strength Performance in Competitive Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo ◽  
Cristian Álvarez ◽  
Carlos Henríquez-Olguín ◽  
Eduardo B. Baez ◽  
Cristian Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Explosive Strength

Strength Training for Middle- and Long-Distance Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Denis Arvisais ◽  
Marie Roubeix ◽  
Carl Binet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Energy Cost Of Locomotion

Purpose: To assess the net effects of strength training on middle- and long-distance performance through a meta-analysis of the available literature. Methods: Three databases were searched, from which 28 of 554 potential studies met all inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated and weighted by the inverse of variance to calculate an overall effect and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the strength-training intensity, duration, and frequency and population performance level, age, sex, and sport were outcomes that might influence the magnitude of the effect. Results: The implementation of a strength-training mesocycle in running, cycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming was associated with moderate improvements in middle- and long-distance performance (net SMD [95%CI] = 0.52 [0.33–0.70]). These results were associated with improvements in the energy cost of locomotion (0.65 [0.32–0.98]), maximal force (0.99 [0.80–1.18]), and maximal power (0.50 [0.34–0.67]). Maximal-force training led to greater improvements than other intensities. Subgroup analyses also revealed that beneficial effects on performance were consistent irrespective of the athletes’ level. Conclusion: Taken together, these results provide a framework that supports the implementation of strength training in addition to traditional sport-specific training to improve middle- and long-distance performance, mainly through improvements in the energy cost of locomotion, maximal power, and maximal strength.

SHORT-TERM PLYOMETRIC TRAINING IMPROVES RUNNING ECONOMY IN HIGHLY TRAINED MIDDLE AND LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILO U. SAUNDERS ◽  
RICHARD D. TELFORD ◽  
DAVID B. PYNE ◽  
ESA M. PELTOLA ◽  
ROSS B. CUNNINGHAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Running Economy ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance

Short-Term Plyometric Training Improves Running Economy in Highly Trained Middle and Long Distance Runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philo U. Saunders ◽  
Richard D. Telford ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Esa M. Peltola ◽  
Ross B. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Running Economy ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Sandro Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Improved Performance

Purpose: To assess the effect of acute nitrate-rich (BJ) and nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice ingestion on 2 km running performance in amateur runners, and to what extent the ergogenic effect of BJ supplementation would be influenced by the sex of the participants; Methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners (14 males and 10 females) performed a 2 km time trial (TT) on an outdoor athletics track 2.5 h after ingesting either 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or PL. After the tests, blood [lactate] and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) related to the leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio) and general overall RPE (RPEgeneral) were assessed; Results: Compared to PL, BJ supplementation improved 2 km TT performance in both males (p < 0.05) with no supplement × sex interaction effect (p > 0.05). This improvement in 2 km running performance was a function of improved performance in the second 1 km split time in both males and females (p < 0.05). Supplementation with BJ did not alter post-exercise blood [lactate] (p > 0.05) but lowered RPEgeneral (p < 0.05); Conclusions: acute BJ supplementation improves 2 km running performance in amateur runners by enhancing performance over the second half of the TT and lowering RPEgeneral by a comparable magnitude in males and females.

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