Biocultural Heritages in Mallorca: Explaining the Resilience of Peasant Landscapes within a Mediterranean Tourist Hotspot, 1870–2016

Mallorca keeps an age-old biocultural heritage embodied in their appealing landscapes, largely exploited as an intangible tourist asset. Although hotel and real estate investors ignore or despise the peasant families who still persevere in farming amidst this worldwide-known tourist hotspot, the Balearic Autonomous Government has recently started a pay-for-ecosystem-services scheme based on the tourist eco-tax collection that offers grants to farmers that keep the Majorcan cultural landscapes alive, while a growing number of them have turned organic. How has this peasant heritage survived within such a global tourist capitalist economy? We answer this question by explaining the socio-ecological transition experienced from the failure of agrarian capitalism in the island, and the ensuing peasantization process during the first half of the 20th century through a local banking-driven and market-oriented land reform. Then, the early tourist specialization during the second half of the 20th century and the spatial concentration of the Green Revolution only in certain areas of the island meant a deep marginalization of peasant farming. Ironically, only a smallholder peasantry could keep cultivating these sustenance-oriented marginal areas where traditional farming was partially maintained and is currently being reinvigorated by turning organic. Now the preservation of these biocultural landscapes, and the keeping of the ecosystem services it provides to Majorcan society, requires keeping this peasantry alive.

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KAZAKH MUSIC CULTURE ON THE GLOBALIZATION CROSSROADS: ETHNIC TRADITIONS VERSUS COMPOSER SCHOOL IN INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION

10.32014/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 384 (2) ◽

pp. 185-193

Author(s):

A. Raimkulova

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Music Culture ◽

Oral Transmission ◽

Intercultural Interaction ◽

History Of ◽

New Type

At the present stage, Kazakh musical culture is heterogeneous. It represents traditions coexisting at the same time and interacting with each other: Kazakh ethnic and newly established composer school (tradition). Examining changes in cultural landscapes of the 20th century I reveal the peculiarities of interaction and dialogue between two kinds of culture: ethnic and global (endogenous and exogenous). The procedures include the complex study of the history of Kazakh culture in the 20th century, stylistic analysis of traditional and composer’s music, semiotic approach to intercultural interaction, as far as a comparative analysis of oral and written music of 19th and 20th centuries. On one hand, dramatic changes in the structure of music culture were caused by external objective reasons: new industrial and postindustrial civilization phases (urbanization and information technologies); intensification of interaction with western (mainly Russian) cultures, etc. On the other hand, some changes were inspired by inner factors: diverse development of local song and kui (dombyra piece) traditions; Soviet cultural policy. As a result new type (or layer) of national culture – Kazakh composers’ music – appeared. It was connected with the formation of a national style based on transcriptions and borrowing. Traditional music was influenced by new social institutions (philharmonic halls, theatres, radio, conservatoire) that caused changes in the creative process (decrease of oral transmission, lack of traditional social context) as well as in the style (virtuoso performance, new genres of songs).

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Contribution of Traditional Farming to Ecosystem Services Provision: Case Studies from Slovakia

Land ◽

10.3390/land7020074 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jana Špulerová ◽

František Petrovič ◽

Peter Mederly ◽

Matej Mojses ◽

Zita Izakovičová

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Case Studies ◽

Traditional Farming

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How do land-use legacies affect ecosystem services in United States cultural landscapes?

Landscape Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10980-017-0545-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 2205-2218 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Carly Ziter ◽

Rose A. Graves ◽

Monica G. Turner

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Land Use Legacies

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An East Asian Approach to Rural Development: A Comparative of the Saemaul Undong and FELDA Programs

International Studies Review ◽

10.1163/2667078x-01901004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 75-98

Author(s):

Nurliana Kamaruddin

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Land Reform ◽

East Asian ◽

Green Revolution ◽

National Development ◽

Land Development ◽

Developmental State ◽

Development Programs ◽

Federal Land ◽

Northeast Asian

The study of East Asia has generally focused on its national development experience with emphasis given to industrial urban-based growth. However, the region has also been credited for impressive rural growth due to the Northeast Asian land reform and overall investment for a Green Revolution by states. Less emphasis has been given to a comparative exploration of different rural development programs that existed. Studies on rural development programs within the region have been diverse with case-specific perspectives, rather than in accordance with a unified conceptualization of what it means to have successful rural development. This article attempts to address that gap by evaluating two cases, the South Korean Saemaul Undong and the Malaysian Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA). It applies three different development perspectives; the neoliberal approach, the developmental state approach, and the humancentered approach, to determine the degree to which these programs can be considered successful. An East Asian conceptualization of successful rural development is identified based on an emphasis on government capacity, grassroots participation, a shared mentality for national development and a prioritization on building human capital.

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Ecosystem services and social–ecological resilience in transhumance cultural landscapes: learning from the past, looking for a future

Resilience and the Cultural Landscape ◽

10.1017/cbo9781139107778.018 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 242-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elisa Oteros-Rozas ◽

José A. González ◽

Berta Martín-López ◽

César A. López ◽

Carlos Montes

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Ecological Resilience ◽

The Past ◽

Social Ecological

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Biodiversity and ecosystem services in European cultural landscapes

Biodiversity in the Green Economy ◽

10.4324/9781315857763-7 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 149-171

Author(s):

Christian Schleyer ◽

Harald Schaich ◽

Claudia Bieling ◽

Holger Gerdes ◽

Bettina Ohnesorge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Cultural Landscapes

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MOHAMMAD GHOLI MAJD, Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000). Pp. 426. $49.95 cloth.

International Journal of Middle East Studies ◽

10.1017/s0020743802331064 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 154-156

Author(s):

Afshin Marashi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

20Th Century ◽

Land Reform ◽

Large Scale ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Social Engineering ◽

Social Changes ◽

Agrarian Sector ◽

Look Back ◽

History Of

If the history of the Middle East in the 20th century is a history of fundamental social changes and dislocations, then surely one important part of that story is the transformation that took place in the agrarian sector of many Middle Eastern societies. The politics of landownership and the projects of land reform in the 20th century were indeed among the most ambitious of the statist projects undertaken during what we can now look back on as the “age of modernization.” Like so many large-scale projects of social engineering, land reform in the Middle East captured the optimism and idealism of modernization while producing some of its most brutal and unforeseen consequences.

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Les représentations de la santé dans les groupes populaires du Nicaragua

Social Compass ◽

10.1177/003776868703400402 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 323-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

François Houtart ◽

Geneviève Lemercinier

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Social Reproduction ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Land Reform ◽

Medical Field ◽

Rural Workers ◽

Agrarian Capitalism ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Spanish Colonization ◽

The Universe

This article on health representations among popular groups in Nicaragua starts from the hypothesis that such representations are central in the reproduction of society. The first part studies the system of representations of health and of illnesse in precolum bian society, where they are part of a general myth explanatory of the universe and of society. In this same first part the A. ex amines what was brought by Spanish colonization: social reproduction is assured by collective festivals, which are also the place for the accomplishment of the promises to the saints, pro tectors against illnesses. The introduction of modern medecine has coincided with the penetration of an agrarian capitalism, bringing also representations of health as a commodity. The se cond part of the article is based on a survey made among some 500 persons of popular milieux, rural and urban. It shows the dif ferences in the representations, along the lines of three main models: the traditional is based on a sacred approach to the causes of illnesses. It is to be found especially among rural workers, whereas members of cooperatives show a certain erosion of this model. The second model is the refusal of the first one, typical of urban groups having gone through secondary educa tion. The last model is characterized by ignorance of the tradi tional representations, but without other positions: it is the fact of individuals among various groups. A series of new practical knowledges in the medical field are shared by the three groups, in dicating that alphabetization campaigns and the health education has a result in this area. But they do not suffice to transform the main interpretations. Other factors are necessary, like the socio economic change brought about by Land Reform in the rural areas or by secondary education in the cities. The method used for the analysis of the data has been the "analysis of correspondences ".

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