scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis of the LEADER Approach (2007–2013) in South Western Europe (Extremadura and Alentejo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieto Masot ◽  
Alonso ◽  
Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Political Differences

Since the end of the last century, the Rural Development Policy and the associated Rural Development Aid have been implemented (according to the LEADER Approach) in European rural areas as a model of endogenous, integrated, and innovative development. Its objective is to reduce the differences of development in these areas. The objective of this paper is to analyze statistically (using Principal Component Analysis) the investments and projects carried out during the period of 2007–2013 in the regions of Extremadura and Alentejo. These two border regions have many territorial similarities but also historical, cultural, and political differences. These variations may contribute to a different implementation of the LEADER Approach. As determined by the results from the statistical analysis of economic aids and demographic variables, it is evident that there are differences in the management of the Rural Development Aid in both territories but resemblances in the results.

A principal component analysis of the determinants of spatial disparity between rural and urban localities of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatial disparity between rural and urban areas in Ghana using the Ghana Living Standards Survey’s (GLSS) rounds 5 and 6 data to advance the assertion that an endowed rural sector is necessary to promote agricultural development in Ghana. This analysis helps us to know the factors that contribute to the depravity of the rural sectors to inform policy towards development targeting. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to data from the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 to determine the characteristics of the rural-urban divide in Ghana. Findings The findings reveal that the rural poor also spend 60.3 per cent of their income on food, while the urban dwellers spend 49 per cent, which is an indication of food production capacity. They have low access to information technology facilities, have larger household sizes and lower levels of education. Rural areas depend a lot on firewood for cooking and use solar/dry cell energies and kerosene for lighting which have implications for conserving the environment. Practical implications Developing the rural areas to strengthen agricultural growth and productivity is a necessary condition for eliminating spatial disparities and promoting overall economic development in Ghana. Addressing rural deprivation is important for conserving the environment due to its increased use of fuelwood for cooking. Absence of alternatives to the use of fuelwood weakens the efforts to reduce deforestation. Originality/value The application of PCA to show the factors that contribute to spatial inequality in Ghana using the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 data is unique. The study provides insights into redefining the framework for national poverty reduction efforts.

Pears Classification Using Principal Component Analysis and K-Nearest Neighbor

SinkrOn ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Moh. Arie Hasan ◽  
Arief Setya Budi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Tropical Climates

Pears is a fruit that is widely available in tropical climates such as in western Europe, Asia, Africa and one of them is Indonesia. There are many types of pears in Indonesia. Types of pears can be distinguished from the color, size, and shape. But it is still difficult for ordinary people to get to know the types of pears. This is what gave rise to the idea to conduct research related to image processing to classify three types of pears namely abate, red and william pears in order to help determine the type of pears. The pear type classification process is done by verify the image of pears based on existing training data. The research method used consisted of preprocessing image segmentation with morphological operations and feature extraction into Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The classification algorithm used is K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The use of adequate training data will further improve the classification of types of pears. The final results of this study amounted to 87.5%.

scholarly journals Regional Wealth Disparity and Its Impact on Urban and Rural Child Schooling in Developing Economies: A Case of Punjab (Pakistan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiza Nadia Bashir ◽  
Rao Aamir Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
District Wealth ◽  
Regional Wealth

Objective: The purpose of this study is to check how regional wealth disparity affects urban and rural schooling in Punjab. It is an effort to explore the influence of wealth disparity between the districts of Punjab on school enrolment of children 3-4 and 5-9 years age group using micro data-sets of cluster survey in 2007-08, 2011 and 2014 in Pakistan. Methodology: This study uses the probit model and the principal component analysis to check district wealth disparity in Punjab, Pakistan. Findings: The principal variable i.e., socioeconomic disparity influences the school attendance severely in Punjab, however it affects more the rural areas. Practical Implications: The sliding down the disparity desires equivalent distribution of funds from government of Punjab to the districts. The policy objective is to highlight the development of the districts of Punjab. Originality: This study creates the district wealth disparity index with various formula and principal component analysis to check how regional wealth disparities affect schooling.

Standard of Living of Tribal Households in Rural Areas of North-East India: A Principal Component Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 598-605
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region

The study is an attempt to construct a standard of living index (SLI) using principal component analysis method and to measure the living standard of tribal population in rural areas of the north-east region of India. The study stands on secondary data source namely census report 2011. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was deployed to analyse the data and deal with the objectives of the study. The study found that the North-East region as a whole belonged to the medium category in terms of living standard of tribal households. Mizoram ranked top among the north-eastern states by securing the highest living standard of Mizo tribes while Assam scored the lowest living standard of tribal communities.

A German version of the Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ): cultural adaptation and validation

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirchberger ◽  
Finger ◽  
Müller-Bühl
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
German Version ◽  
Average Completion Time ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality

Background: The Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) is a short questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The objective of this study was to translate the ICQ into German and to investigate the psychometric properties of the German ICQ version in patients with IC. Patients and methods: The original English version was translated using a forward-backward method. The resulting German version was reviewed by the author of the original version and an experienced clinician. Finally, it was tested for clarity with 5 German patients with IC. A sample of 81 patients were administered the German ICQ. The sample consisted of 58.0 % male patients with a median age of 71 years and a median IC duration of 36 months. Test of feasibility included completeness of questionnaires, completion time, and ratings of clarity, length and relevance. Reliability was assessed through a retest in 13 patients at 14 days, and analysis of Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated using principal component analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the ICQ scores with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as well as clinical measures. Results: The ICQ was completely filled in by 73 subjects (90.1 %) with an average completion time of 6.3 minutes. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.75. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.88. Principal component analysis resulted in a 3 factor solution. The first factor explained 51.5 of the total variation and all items had loadings of at least 0.65 on it. The ICQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 and treadmill-walking distances whereas no association was found for resting ABPI. Conclusions: The German version of the ICQ demonstrated good feasibility, satisfactory reliability and good validity. Responsiveness should be investigated in further validation studies.

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