scholarly journals A Simulation Study on the Potential of Moving Urban Freight by a Cross-City Railway Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praful Potti ◽  
Marin Marinov ◽  
Edward Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
On The Road

This paper analyses the scope for moving urban freight through rail by evaluating the utilisation levels of the Cross-City railway line in The United Kingdom (UK), running between Lichfield Trent Valley and Birmingham New Street. A simulation model of the railway system was built and implemented using SIMUL8 computer software. The results from the simulation model suggest that the railway line is being under-utilised. These low utilisation levels of the line presented a case to propose three scenarios that has the potential to carry urban freight by rail through Lichfield Trent Valley to Birmingham New Street Station. The total number of services operated on the line is varied between different scenarios. The proposed three scenarios could not only exploit the existing railway infrastructure by improving the utilisation levels of the currently operating railway line, but also proved to reduce an amount of green-house gases (GHGs) emissions that are caused by heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) moving on the road. After simulating all the proposed scenarios in the SIMUL8 simulation software and analysing the results, scenario number 3 seemed to be the best replacement to the actual system as it presents a case to increase the number of train services running per day by in the line by 108 and causing a drastic improvement in the utilisation levels by an increase of 341.71% to that of the actual system. This proposed system has the potential to eliminate 5400 HGVs moving on the road per day that causes a reduction of CO2 gas by approximately 5.4%. All the scenarios presented in the study assures a sustainable method to move the urban freight by rail that has the potential to reduce congestion and emissions in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom (UK).

scholarly journals It’s the EU immigrants stupid! UKIP’s core-issue and populist rhetoric on the road to Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Hughes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
News Releases ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Prevalent Form

The 2016 vote to leave the European Union was one of the biggest developments in recent United Kingdom political history. Only one political party was wholly united for Brexit – the United Kingdom Independence Party. This research finds that in the years leading up to Brexit, the United Kingdom Independence Party presented itself as a rigid core-issue complete-populist party. Content analysis shows how pervasive the European Union was in much of the party output and in the contemporaneous newspaper coverage of the party. The party also utilizes complete-populist rhetoric, with ‘othering’ populism as the most prevalent form. The consistent concentration on the European Union collocated with populist messaging, in both news releases and select newspaper coverage, may have helped afford the United Kingdom Independence Party issue-eliteness in the referendum campaign. But this same work may have also ultimately contributed to make them irrelevant by 2017, and possibly moribund by 2018.

Aerosol pollution from internal combustion engines

1968 ◽  
Vol 307 (1489) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
On The Road

Aerosols have one property that distinguishes them sharply from most other pollutants of the atmosphere. They are easily seen and recognized as pollutants. The first smoke abatement law in the United Kingdom was adopted by proclamation in 1306 during the reign of Edward I, and in 1307 a violator of the prohibition was condemned and executed (Rogers & Edelman 1962). Even from the early days of internal combustion engines the emission of smoke, ‘vapour’ and oily substances has been prohibited. The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1966 presently govern emissions from motor vehicles in the United Kingdom. (These regulations are given authority by the Road Traffic Act 1930). For example, appropriate parts of the regulations stipulate, first in relation to construction, that every motor vehicle must be so constructed that it does not emit any avoidable ‘smoke or visible vapour’; and secondly in relation to use, that no vehicle may be used on the road if it emits any ‘smoke, visible vapours, grit, sparks, ashes, cinders or oily substances’ if the emission causes or is likely to cause ‘damage to any property or injury to any person’ actually on, or expected to be on, the road, or is likely to cause danger to any such person.

A Laboratory Device to Measure the Interfacial Phenomena between Rubber and Rough Surfaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Garro ◽  
G. Gurnari ◽  
G. Nicoletto ◽  
A. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Interfacial Phenomena ◽  
New Device ◽  
The Road ◽  
Constant Torque ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
On The Road

Abstract The interfacial phenomena between tread rubber compounds and rough surfaces are responsible for most of the behavior of a tire on the road. A new device was developed for the investigation of these phenomena in the laboratory. The device consists of a fully instrumented road wheel on which a simple geometry specimen is driven. The possibilities offered by this device are to perform tests at constant slip or at constant torque on both wet and dry surfaces, with complex cycles. The machine allows the measurement of slip, tangential forces, and temperature on the specimen, and computer software adds the possibility of applying Fourier analyses on force, road wheel speed, and specimen speed data. Other possibilities offered by the road wheel are to change the road surface, the load on the specimen, and the water rate. The description of a complete experiment is detailed in the paper showing the correlation of data with actual tire performances.

scholarly journals How Will Digitalization Change Road Freight Transport? Scenarios Tested in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Anna Pernestål ◽  
Albin Engholm ◽  
Marie Bemler ◽  
Gyözö Gidofalvi
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
On The Road

Road freight transport is a key function of modern societies. At the same time, road freight transport accounts for significant emissions. Digitalization, including automation, digitized information, and artificial intelligence, provide opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase service levels in road freight transport. Digitalization may also radically change the business ecosystem in the sector. In this paper, the question, “How will digitalization change the road freight transport landscape?” is addressed by developing four exploratory future scenarios, using Sweden as a case study. The results are based on input from 52 experts. For each of the four scenarios, the impacts on the road freight transport sector are investigated, and opportunities and barriers to achieving a sustainable transportation system in each of the scenarios are discussed. In all scenarios, an increase in vehicle kilometers traveled is predicted, and in three of the four scenarios, significant increases in recycling and urban freight flows are predicted. The scenario development process highlighted how there are important uncertainties in the development of the society that will be highly important for the development of the digitized freight transport landscape. One example is the sustainability paradigm, which was identified as a strategic uncertainty.

Decentralization in European and MENA Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Francois Vaillancourt ◽  
Richard M. Bird
Keyword(s):  
National Unity ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Initial Question ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The question considered in this chapter is whether decentralization is likely to hurt or help national unity in “countries at risk.” We begin with a literature review, focusing on three particular questions: the size and number of nations; the determinants of decentralization; and, finally, and bearing most directly on our topic, the links between decentralization and political outcomes. We next set out in capsule form some of the very mixed stories of linkages between decentralization and national unity found in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, before considering more closely the ongoing discussions of secession in three European countries – Belgium, Spain and the United Kingdom. We conclude that the impact of decentralization on national unity is so complex and context-sensitive that no general answers to our initial question emerge: in some instances, decentralization may be an inducement for regions to stay in a country; in others, however, it may prove to be only a way station on the road to the exit.

Location Decision of City Logistics Facility Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Oh Kyoung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Urban Freight Transport ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Synthetic Evaluation

The concept of city logistics facilities is to help establish more efficient urban logistics systems for both private companies and society, reduce the total social and environmental costs of urban freight transport and improve the urban traffic conditions on the road network. This study adopts a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to determine the optimal location of city logistics facilities.

Canadian Perspectives on Chattel Security Law Reform in the United Kingdom

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-446
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Ziegel
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
British Government ◽  
Queen Mary College ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Code

BRITISH commercial law scholars, of whom Prof. Roy Goode and Prof. Aubrey Diamond are two conspicuous examples, have long been attracted to the possibility of using Article 9 of the American Uniform Commercial Code as a basis for modernising and restructuring the English law of chattel security. As readers of Part V of the Crowther Report1 will know, this was the road to reform which the Crowther Committee recommended to the British government as long ago as 1971. In the course of his eighth Crowther Memorial Lecture, given at Queen Mary College in 1983,2 Prof. Goode expressed the hope that before the end of the decade England and Wales would enact the recommendations in the Crowther Report. We know now that he was too sanguine but our hopes were revived when Prof. Diamond submitted his lucid, and in the view of this writer and many others, highly persuasive recommendations to the Department of Trade and Industry in 1989.3

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