scholarly journals Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1776
Author(s):  
Jordi Renau ◽  
Víctor García ◽  
Luis Domenech ◽  
Pedro Verdejo ◽  
Antonio Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Similar Reduction

Achieving European climate neutrality by 2050 requires further efforts not only from the industry and society, but also from policymakers. The use of high-efficiency cogeneration facilities will help to reduce both primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of the increase in overall efficiency. Fuel cell-based cogeneration technologies are relevant solutions to these points for small- and microscale units. In this research, an innovative and new fuel cell-based cogeneration plant is studied, and its performance is compared with other cogeneration technologies to evaluate the potential reduction degree in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Four energy consumption profile datasets have been generated from real consumption data of different dwellings located in the Mediterranean coast of Spain to perform numerical simulations in different energy scenarios according to the fuel used in the cogeneration. Results show that the fuel cell-based cogeneration systems reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings, to a degree that depends on the heat-to-power ratio of the consumer. Primary energy consumption varies from 40% to 90% of the original primary energy consumption, when hydrogen is produced from natural gas reforming process, and from 5% to 40% of the original primary energy consumption if the cogeneration is fueled with hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources. Similar reduction degrees are achieved in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Sustainable energy path

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Yamamoto ◽  
Kenji Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Photo Voltaic ◽  
Global Energy Supply

The uses of fossil fuels cause not only the resources exhaustion but also the environmental problems such as global warming. The purposes of this study are to evaluate paths to ward sustainable energy systems and roles of each renewable. In order to realize the purposes, the authors developed the global land use and energy model that figured the global energy supply systems in the future considering the cost minimization. Using the model the authors conducted a simulation in C30R scenario, which is a kind of strict CO2 emission limit scenarios and reduced CO2 emissions by 30% compared with Kyoto protocol forever scenario, and obtained the following results. In C30R scenario bio energy will supply 33% of all the primary energy consumption. How ever, wind and photo voltaic will supply 1.8% and 1.4% of all the primary energy consumption, respectively, because of the limits of power grid stability. The results imply that the strict limits of CO2 emissions are not sufficient to achieve the complete renewable energy systems. In order to use wind and photo voltaic as major energy resources we need not only to reduce the plant costs but also to develop unconventional renewable technologies. .

Power System for Beautiful China

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Polevanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Leading Position

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade.

Global difference in the relationships between tourism, economic growth, CO2 emissions, and primary energy consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Shi ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Taohong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

scholarly journals Optimization of a Wood Pellet Boiler System Combined with CO2HPs in a Cold Climate Area in Japan

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Mori ◽  
Yusuke Iwama ◽  
Hirofumi Hayama ◽  
Emad Mushtaha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Hot Water Supply

Hot water supply is one of the leading consumers of energy in the building sector in cold climate areas. The use of woody biomass is effective in reducing CO2 emissions in hot-water supply systems. This report deals with a system that combines a wood pellet boiler (PB) and a heat pump system with CO2 (CO2HP) that is used in a facility for disabled people. The following research was conducted. The operation of a hybrid system combining a PB and CO2HPs was investigated. While operating the system, four specific operations were developed as countermeasures to save on costs and reduce system troubles while reducing CO2 emissions. The processes and results are introduced. Numerical simulations were carried out to optimize the operation. The hot water temperature, water volume, and hot water loads were simulated. The influence of the water volume ratio on the cost and primary energy consumption under the requirements for safe system operation was studied. The regional economic ripple effects (REREs) of this system were studied. The wood pellet boiler is not only a measure for reducing primary energy consumption but can also play an important role in a regional economy for sustainable development in countries that import energy resources such as Japan.

scholarly journals INSULATION EXPEDIENCE OF THE EXTERNAL ENVELOPES OF THE BUILDING IN TERMS OF 2E CRITERIA / PASTATO IŠORINIŲ ATITVARŲ APŠILTINIMO TIKSLINGUMAS 2E RODIKLIŲ POŽIŪRIU

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Mantas Kijevičius ◽  
Kęstutis Valančius
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

The paper analyses the insulation expediency of the external envelopes of the building with reference to 2E (energy – primary energy consumption and environmental – CO2 emissions) criteria and presents an overview of thermal insulation and studies on other structural elements based on life cycle analysis. The object of research is a typical residential building. The article determines different insulation materials of external envelopes, primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions by insulating walls from F to B and from B to A ++ class. Graphical interpretation shows primary energy, CO2 and the payback period of 60 years. Also, the paper considers primary energy and CO2 emissions distributed at various life cycle stages. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas pastato išorinių atitvarų apšiltinimo tikslingumas 2E (energiniu ­– pirminės energijos sąnaudų ir ekologiniu – CO2 – išmetalų) kriterijų požiūriu. Apžvelgti teoriniai darbai, kuriuose statybinės medžiagos nagrinėjamos pirminės energijos ir poveikio aplinkai vertinimo (PAV) požiūriu. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas gyvenamosios paskirties pastatas. Nagrinėjamos skirtingos išorinių atitvarų termoizoliacinės medžiagos, nustatomi pirminės energijos kiekiai ir CO2 išmetalai apšiltinant atitvaras nuo F iki B ir nuo B iki A++ pastato energinės klasės. Vertinama pagal gyvavimo ciklo analizės metodiką. Pateikiama grafinė interpretacija, rodanti sutaupytos pirminės energijos ir CO2 kiekius per 60 metų laikotarpį, identifikuojamos energetiškai ir ekologiškai priimtiniausios termoizoliacinės medžiagos pastatams apšiltinti.

scholarly journals Financial Development and CO2 Emissions in Post-Transition European Union Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Laura Diaconu (Maxim) ◽  
Andrei Maxim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Sector Development

Carbon dioxide emissions are on the rise, posing a serious global issue. Therefore, it is important that policymakers identify the exact causes of these emissions. This paper investigates the influence of financial development, primary energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in 11 post-transition European economies. The assessment was made for the 1995–2017 period using panel cointegration and causality analyses. The causality analyses did not reveal significant connection between financial sector development and CO2 emissions, but rather a two-way causality between primary energy consumption and economic growth, on one hand, and CO2 emissions on the other. Meanwhile, long-run analysis disclosed that financial sector development and primary energy consumption positively affected CO2 emissions. Our results seek to grab the attention of policy makers, who could work towards creating country-specific strategies that balance the relationship between financial development and CO2 emissions. These long-term policies could ensure both development of the financial sector and environmental protection.

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