scholarly journals Biomass Content in Scrap Tires and Its Use as Sustainable Energy Resource: A CO2 Mitigation Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3500
Author(s):  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Arturo Alarcón ◽  
Laura Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Bernardo Llamas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Co2 Mitigation ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Cement Factories

This project aims to present a methodology to establish the biomass content of unused tires as a typical fuel in cement factories. To this end, between 2011–2016 samples were collected every 2 years (four surveys) to assess natural and synthetic rubber in scrap tires through the thermodynamic analysis. Ninety-six samples were used in the study, 803.6 tonnes of scrap tires, as fuel. Knowing the Spanish vehicle fleet and considering undifferentiated tires, it is possible to predict the biomass content. The methodology has also been evaluated taking into consideration mono-brand samples. The simplicity of the methodology makes it possible to apply it in different regions and countries. New materials included in current and future tires will require constant samples and an assessment of the formulae state. Lastly, the biomass content in non-conventional fuels and its use in the cement sector will reduce CO2 emissions in said sector, with significant economic implications for it is regulated by the 2003/87/EC Directive, with up to 2792.91 tonnes of CO2 reductions.

scholarly journals An estimation of heavy-duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions based on sampled data

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 102784
Author(s):  
Nikiforos Zacharof ◽  
Georgios Fontaras ◽  
Biagio Ciuffo ◽  
Alessandro Tansini ◽  
Iker Prado-Rujas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

An Integrated Model of Global Warming and Policy Making

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheming Zhang ◽  
Ramesh Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Co2 Mitigation ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Average Surface Temperature

This paper describes a simple integrated model of global warming due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which can help the policy makers in considering various CO2 mitigation strategies. First, the constant airborne fraction model is generalized to establish relationship between CO2 emissions and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere which is then used to determine the global average surface temperature using the Oglesby and Saltzman’s general circulation model. Using these simple relationships, the forecast for CO2 emissions, CO2 concentration and average global surface temperature is made for years 2030 and 2050 under Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. In order to achieve an acceptable target increase in global average surface temperature, several simple CO2 mitigation approaches, proposed by Socolow and Lam, are included in the integrated model.

Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironomic Analyses of Selected Gas Turbine Power Plants in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Olayiwola Fagbenle ◽  
Sunday Sam Adefila ◽  
Sunday Oyedepo ◽  
Moradeyo Odunfa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction

Energy supply trends as well as environmental regulations and climate change issues have made it necessary to closely scrutinize the way energy is utilized. Efficient energy utilization thus requires paying more attention to accurate and advanced thermodynamic analysis of thermal systems. Hence, methods aimed at evaluating the performances of energy systems take into account the Energy, Environment and Economics. Therefore, the first and second law of thermodynamics combined with economics and environmental impact represents a very powerful tool for the systematic study and optimization of energy systems. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of eleven selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria was carried out using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, economic and environmental impact concepts. Exergetic, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses were conducted using operating data obtained from the power plants to determine the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each major component of the gas turbine in each power plant. The exergy analysis confirmed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components as expected. The percentage exergy destruction in combustion chamber varied between 86.05 and 94.6%. Increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT), the exergy destruction of this component can be reduced. Exergo-economic analysis showed that the cost of exergy destruction is high in the combustion chamber and by increasing the GTIT effectively decreases this cost. The exergy costing analysis revealed that the unit cost of electricity produced in the plants ranged from cents 1.88/kWh (₦2.99/kWh) to cents 5.65/kWh (₦8.98/kWh). Exergo-environmental analysis showed that the CO2 emissions varied between 100.18 to 408.78 kgCO2/MWh while cost rate of environmental impact varied from 40.18 $/h (N6, 388.62/h) to 276.97 $/h (N44, 038.23/h). The results further showed that CO2 emissions and cost of environmental impact decrease with increasing GTIT.

scholarly journals Resource Security Strategies and Their Environmental and Economic Implications: A Case Study of Copper Production in Japan

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3021
Author(s):  
Ran Motoori ◽  
Benjamin McLellan ◽  
Andrew Chapman ◽  
Tetsuo Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Mineral Production ◽  
Ocean Mining

Japan is a nation which is highly dependent on the import of raw materials to supply its manufacturing industry, notable among them copper. When extracting copper from ore, a large amount of energy is required, typically leading to high levels of CO2 emissions due to the fossil fuel-dominated energy mix. Moreover, maintaining security of raw material supply is difficult if imports are the only source utilized. This study examines the environmental and economic impacts of domestic mineral production from the recycling of end-of-life products and deep ocean mining as strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance security of raw material supplies. The results indicate that under the given assumptions, recycling, which is typically considered to be less CO2 intensive, produces higher domestic emissions than current copper processing, although across the whole supply chain shows promise. As the total quantity of domestic resources from deep ocean ores are much smaller than the potential from recycling, it is possible that recycling could become a mainstream supply alternative, while deep ocean mining is more likely to be a niche supply source. Implications of a progressively aging society and flow-on impacts for the recycling sector are discussed.

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