scholarly journals Risk Perception and Adaptation of Climate Change: An Assessment of Community Resilience in Rural Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3651
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsien Lai ◽  
Pi-Ching Liao ◽  
Szu-Hung Chen ◽  
Yung-Chieh Wang ◽  
Chingwen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Adaptation Practices

Over the last five decades, there has been a decline of rural communities in Taiwan due to urbanization expansion. In the past 10 years, the central government has implemented the Rural Regeneration Project (RRP) aimed at revitalization and sustainable development in rural Taiwan. During the project’s implementation, communities have faced several disasters as a result of climate change-induced extreme rainfall events. Perceptions and adaptation practices of climate change-induced extreme events are critical to community sustainability and resilience. The gap between perceived and actual risks that communities experience creates challenges for policy-makers in achieving sustainability goals. This study aims to evaluate the perceived climate change-induced flooding hazard perceptions compared to the scientific projection and actual hazard events in 287 rural communities implementing the RRP. This study revealed consistency in risk perception, in that communities facing high potential exposure to extreme rainfall showed higher awareness of various impacts of climate change. However, when comparing climate actions, communities exposed to low-potential hazard areas had a relatively higher degree of recognition of the benefits of adaptation to climate change. Moreover, 59 rural communities with low awareness and exposed to high potentials of extreme events were widely distributed among hills of western, southern, and northern Taiwan, where compound disasters such as mudslides can occur. This research suggests that there is a need to integrate climate change planning and work with communities to bridge the gap between perceived and actual climate risks. In particular, capacity training, counseling services, and implementation of adaptation practices should be integrated into institutional planning and management for providing assistance in disaster prevention, relief, and post-event restoration; also, encouraging climate actions can directly improve community resilience toward climate change. While investing in the sustainable development of rural communities is largely based on revitalizing economic development, this study revealed the link to ensure resilience and social-ecological sustainability in rural communities under climate change impacts.

scholarly journals Beliefs about Climate Change and Their Relationship with Environmental Beliefs and Sustainable Behavior: A View from Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5326
Author(s):  
Willian Sierra-Barón ◽  
Oscar Navarro ◽  
Diana Katherine Amézquita Naranjo ◽  
Eylyn Daniela Teres Sierra ◽  
Carol Marcela Narváez González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Environmental Beliefs ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Sustainable Behavior

The study of beliefs and environmental behavior is of special interest, given the implications of climate change as a social phenomenon and the disagreements about what is socially believed about this phenomenon. This research was aimed at determining the associations between environmental beliefs and sustainable behavior in a group of inhabitants of southern Colombia. The methodology was exploratory and cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analyses. The sample was made up of 368 people from two regions in southern Colombia (57.5% female and 42.5% male); their ages ranged between 18 and 69 years (X = 19.36; SD = 8.59). Information was collected with questionnaires that measured climate change risk perception, environmental beliefs, and sustainable behavior. The results show higher scores for equitable behavior and environmental beliefs. Environmental beliefs—egobiocentrism—and risk perception of climate change predict both sustainable and pro-ecological behavior, as well as altruistic, frugal, and equitable behavior. It is concluded that the presence of environmental beliefs, along with information regarding a sense of environmental deterioration, climate change and the consequences for the future, can predict the implementation of actions for sustainable development.

Extreme events, risk perception, communication, and adaptation in the context of climate change: the case of an Andean community in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez ◽  
Andy Alvarado- Yepez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Severe Storms ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p><em>Introduction and theoretical background: </em>The increase in extreme events as a result of climate change has serious consequences for the world (Bevacqua, Yu, & Zhang, 2018; Clark et al., 1998), with higher impacts on Andean communities, which are more vulnerable to its effects due to the scarce resources they have to cope with its effects. The study on local risk perception, as a strategy that allows people to be more aware of the hazard and therefore be more willing to deal with the eventuality of the hazard (Lopez and Marvan, 2018). Our study analyses experience with extreme events: severe storms, avalanches, droughts and floods. Furthermore, we analyze how experiences with extreme weather can be related to risk perception, communication, and adaptive behaviours.</p><p><em>Methods:</em> After a thorough pilot. We selected two interviewers, from the same community. To comply with COVID-19 health protocols, the questionnaire was implemented online. All questions were presented in a closed format. The total number of participants (N=200) belonged to the Phinaya community located at the bottom of the Quelccaya glacier (5650 mamsl). All gave their consent to participate voluntarily in the study.</p><p><em>Results:</em> 86% indicated having experienced drought or water shortage in the last 5 years between 1 and more than 3 times, 14% did not. Then 59% indicated that they had experienced storms between 1 and more than 3 times in the last 5 years, 41% indicated that they had not experienced any. Regarding floods, 21.5% indicated that they had experienced them, while 78.5% had not. 34.9 % indicated that they had experienced avalanches. 97.5% said they were very concerned about climate change. 82% received information on storms, 90% received information on droughts, 82% received information on floods, 51% received information on avalanches. There is a relationship between people who have had experiences with severe storms and those who have experienced landslides and avalanches. Regarding the perception of risk, we found differences between men and women. No clear relationship was identified between risk perception and extreme events. It is observed that communications about droughts influenced negatively on risk perception, the other extreme events did not show significant relations. Finally, with respect to adaptation behaviours, we found a positive relationship between experiences with storms, and perceptions of risk of climate change, greater perception of risk, greater willingness to develop adaptive behaviours.</p><p><em>Conclusions: </em>Most people have been exposed to more than one type of extreme events such as droughts and storms. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between public perception of climate change in Andean communities and corroborates the important role of communication and adaptive behaviors in the context of risk perceptions.</p>

scholarly journals Climate Change and Food Insecurity Dynamics in the Rural Limpopo Province of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Household Heads

In the developing nations of the world, poor gross domestic product growth has shown serious vacuum to be filled in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In that regard, this research article intends to contribute to the sustainable development goals of the United Nation’s goal by explaining the rural food insecurity in the light of climate change dynamic in some selected rural communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The data employed in the study were collected from 120 randomly selected rural household heads. Data were analysed with descriptive (frequency, mean etc.) and inferential statistics (Principal component Analysis (PCA), Tobit and Probit Regression) which were properly fitted (P<0.05) for the set research objectives. Descriptive results indicate that the average age of the respondents was 52 years with 60% of the household heads being married and a mean household size of 5.The study concluded that there is climate change effect and food insecurity in the study area and therefore recommended among others that the government of South Africa should endeavour to implement a more rural focused food securityclimate change policies in order to relieve the intensity of food insecurity situations among these disadvantaged rural dwellers of the province as well as to entrench a policy of long term development of agriculture. Finally, the study emphasized that the rural farming households should be enlightened through proper extension services to carry out climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in alleviating the food insecurity situation in the rural communities of the province. 

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities to Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Among Tanzanian Rural Communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Esther W. Dungumaro ◽  
Goran Hyden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Global Initiatives

In more recent years climate change impacts have been obvious around the globe. This non-contentious reality has resulted in various global initiatives to reduce climate change impacts. However, differences exist in opportunities and capacity to adaptation. This paper, descriptive in nature, draws heavily from literature and also uses 2002 Tanzanian population and housing census to identify and discuss major challenges and opportunities to climate change adaptation and sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania. Two groups are of focus; pastoralist herders and smallholder farmers. Analysis indicates that opportunities to climate change adaptation among rural community include their knowledge and experience. Challenges are centered on the pervasive poverty, rapid population increase and high illiteracy rates. Forces beyond their control including funds and governance also present definite limits to climate change adaptation. The paper suggests among others, the effective implementation of two top policies: education and social security funding.

scholarly journals Evoking the epistemology of climate governance through indigenous knowledge systems for sustainable development in rural Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingirai S. Mugambiwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Adaptive Methods ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems

This article seeks to establish the role of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in climate governance in pursuit of sustainable development in rural Zimbabwe. Rural communities in the developing world suffer the most from the negative effects of climate change. As such, their success in combating the effects of climate change is through establishing culture-specific methods. These methods constitute what I refer to in this article as climate governance through IKS. The impacts of climate change faced by rural communities include water shortages, drought, and floods, to mention a few. Drought is anticipated to bring about adverse consequences to water supply, which negatively affects food production and the environment in its entirety. Hence, this study investigates the methods of IKS water harvesting and other IKS-based adaptation and overall governance methods. The study employed a qualitative method in which participants took part in in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion (FGD) and data was analysed through thematic content analysis (TCA) and grounded theory. The study found that the role of spirit mediums and spirituality is essential in IKS climate governance. It also established that one of the most famous forms of climate change adaptation strategies in Mutoko district is IKS-based irrigation. The role of social networks was found to be essential in the sharing of ideas pertaining to irrigation and other adaptive methods of farming. Through the findings of the study, I developed a model that reflects and interprets indigenous-based climate governance structure in Mutoko district.

scholarly journals Climate change adaptation in disaster-prone communities in Cambodia and Fiji

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Neef ◽  
Bryan Boruff ◽  
Eleanor Bruce ◽  
Chanrith Ngin ◽  
Natasha Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

This article examines how rural communities living in flood-prone river basins of Cambodia and Fiji have responded to increasing variability of floods and other natural hazards under the influence of climate change and other risk factors. Particular emphasis is placed on risk perceptions and adaptive strategies of households and communities with regard to regular and catastrophic floods and how the livelihoods of vulnerable groups are affected by floods and other climate-induced disasters. Our research approach integrates the food, water and energy security nexus with the rural livelihood framework. The study aims at identifying the spatial extent and dynamics of flood events and determining the factors that enhance adaptive capacities of flood-affected communities and households. Our study finds that access to resources as well as local socio-cultural contexts are important determinants of coping and adaptation practices at the community and household level in the two countries. Findings also suggest that research participants had a profound understanding of flood flows, extent and impacts that complements knowledge gained from hydrological and remote sensing methods. We conclude that blending local and scientific knowledge is a promising approach to enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience.

scholarly journals Analysis and Modelling of Extreme Rainfall: A Case Study for Dodoma, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Iyamuremye ◽  
Samson W. Wanyonyi ◽  
Drinold A. Mbete
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Gumbel Model

The analysis of climate change, climate variability and their extremes has become more important as they clearly affect the human society and ecology. The impact of climate change is reflected by the change of frequency, duration and intensity of climate extreme events in the environment and on the economic activities. Climate extreme events, such as extreme rainfall threaten to environment, agricultural production and loss of people’s lives. Dodoma daily rainfall data exported from R-Instat software were used after being provided by Tanzania Meteorological Agency. The data were recorded from 1935 to 2011. In this essay, we used climate indices of rainfall to analyse changes in extreme rainfall. We only used 6 rainfall indices related to extremes to describe the change in rainfall extremes. Extreme rainfall indices did not show statistical evidence of a linear trend in Dodoma rainfall extremes for 77 years. Apart from the extreme rainfall indices, this essay utilized two techniques in extreme value theory namely the block maxima approach and peak over threshold approach. The two extreme value approaches were used for univariate sequences of independent identically distributed (iid) random variables. Using Dodomadaily rainfall data, this essay illustrated the power of the extreme value distributions in modelling of extreme rainfall. Annual maxima of Dodoma daily rainfall from 1935 to 2011 were fitted to the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model. Gumbel was found to be the best fit of the data after likelihood ratio test of GEV and Gumbel models. The Gumbel model parameters were considered to be stationary and non-stationary in two different models. The stationary Gumbel model was found to be good fit of Dodoma maximum rainfall. Later, the levels at which maximum Dodoma rainfall is expected to exceed once, on average, in a given period of time T = 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 years, were obtained using stationary Gumbel model. Lastly, the data of exceedances were fitted to     the Generalized Pareto (GP) model under stationary climate assumption.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Food Insecurity Dynamics in the Rural Limpopo Province of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Household Heads

In the developing nations of the world, poor gross domestic product growth has shown serious vacuum to be filled in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In that regard, this research article intends to contribute to the sustainable development goals of the United Nation’s goal by explaining the rural food insecurity in the light of climate change dynamic in some selected rural communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The data employed in the study were collected from 120 randomly selected rural household heads. Data were analysed with descriptive (frequency, mean etc.) and inferential statistics (Principal component Analysis (PCA), Tobit and Probit Regression) which were properly fitted (P<0.05) for the set research objectives. Descriptive results indicate that the average age of the respondents was 52 years with 60% of the household heads being married and a mean household size of 5.The study concluded that there is climate change effect and food insecurity in the study area and therefore recommended among others that the government of South Africa should endeavour to implement a more rural focused food securityclimate change policies in order to relieve the intensity of food insecurity situations among these disadvantaged rural dwellers of the province as well as to entrench a policy of long term development of agriculture. Finally, the study emphasized that the rural farming households should be enlightened through proper extension services to carry out climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in alleviating the food insecurity situation in the rural communities of the province. 

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