scholarly journals How Do We Manage a Just Transition? A Comparative Review of National and Regional Just Transition Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6070
Author(s):  
Tamara Antonia Krawchenko ◽  
Megan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Economic Transitions

The concept of a ‘just transition’ encompasses political and policy imperatives to minimize the harmful impacts of industrial and economic transitions on workers, communities, and society more generally, and to maximize their potential benefits. This imperative has gained heightened importance as governments commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A wide range of policies, strategies and initiatives have been adopted by national and regional governments to facilitate and help manage a just transition. It is a concept that is increasingly being put into practice. This scoping study identifies and compares strategies, policies, and practices that are presently being implemented in order to manage a just transition across 25 countries and 74 regions alongside European Union-level policies. This work develops a typology of policy instruments to manage just transitions and identifies implementation gaps and leading practices.

scholarly journals How do We Manage a Just Transition? A Comparative Review of National and Regional Just Transitions Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Antonia Krawchenko ◽  
Megan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Economic Transitions

The concept of a ‘just transition’ encompasses political and policy imperatives to minimise the harmful impacts of industrial and economic transitions on workers, communities and society more generally, and to maximise their potential benefits. This imperative has gained heightened importance as governments commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A wide range of policies strategies and initiatives have been adopted by national and regional governments to facilitate and help manage a just transition. It is a concept that is increasingly being put into practice. This scoping study identifies and compares strategies, policies and practices that are presently being implemented in order to manage a just transition across 25 countries and 74 regions alongside European Union-level policies. This work develops a typology of policy instruments to manage just transitions and identifies implementation gaps and leading practices.

Trade rules and climate change subsidies

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits

Countries can choose between a wide range of policy instruments to address climate change. While economists tend to argue for the efficiency of instruments such as environmental taxes, many countries are incorporating subsidies into their plans for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. However, these subsidies may conflict with World Trade Organization rules. This paper analyzes the potential benefits of using climate change subsidies in terms of addressing market failures as well as the risks of protectionism arising from such subsidies. It then examines World Trade Organization rules to determine whether they optimally differentiate between beneficial and harmful subsidy policies. It concludes that existing WTO rules do not provide adequate scope for legitimate subsidies and makes suggestions for reforming subsidies law.

scholarly journals Changing International Law for a Changing Climate

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Esty ◽  
Dena P. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Governments

After more than two decades of inadequate international efforts to address climate change resulting from rising greenhouse gas emissions, the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement shifted gears. That agreement advances a “bottom-up” model of global cooperation that requires action commitments from all national governments and acknowledges the important role that cities, states, provinces, and businesses must play in delivering deep decarbonization. Given the limited control that presidents and prime ministers have over many of the policies and choices that determine their countries’ carbon footprints, the Paris Agreement missed an opportunity to formally recognize the climate change action commitments of mayors, governors, and premiers. These subnational officials often have authorities complementary to national governments, particularly in federal systems (including the United States, China, Canada, and Australia). They therefore possess significant independent capacities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through their economic development strategies, building codes, zoning rules and practices, public transportation investments, and other policies. Likewise, the world community missed an opportunity to formally recognize the commitments of companies to successful implementation of the Paris Agreement and thereby to highlight the wide range of decisions that business leaders make that significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions.

'Green-gional' anesthesia: the non-polluting benefits of regional anesthesia to decrease greenhouse gases and attenuate climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
Mausam Kuvadia ◽  
Cynthia Eden Cummis ◽  
Gregory Liguori ◽  
Christopher L Wu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Real Life ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Inhalational Agent ◽  
Potential Benefits

Volatile halogenated gases and nitrous oxide used as part of a balanced general anesthetic may contribute to global warming. By avoiding volatile inhalational agent use, regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help prevent global warming. We present a theoretical calculation of the potential benefits and a real-life example of how much regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Is eco-efficiency in greenhouse gas emissions converging among European Union countries?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Camarero ◽  
Juana Castillo-Giménez ◽  
Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo ◽  
Cecilio Tamarit
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
European Union Countries

An eu Law Perspective on the Paris Agreement: Will the eu Consider Strengthening its Mitigation Effort?

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Peeters
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mitigation Effort ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is the only party to the unfccc that is a regional organization. The European Union’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, submitted on behalf of itself and its member states, contains a pledge to reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, in pursuit of the general objective to keep the global average temperature increase below 2°C. Given, however, that the Paris Agreement aims not only to hold the increase ‘well below’ 2°C, but also to ‘pursue efforts’ to limit the increase to 1.5°C, one wonders whether the outcome of cop 21 may lead the European Union to a reconsideration—with possibly a strengthening—of the mitigation effort proposed in its indc.

EMISSION EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (6) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Edyta Gajos ◽  
Sylwia Małażewska ◽  
Konrad Prandecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Emission Volume

The aim of the study was to compare the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union countries and their emission efficiency. Emission efficiency was calculated as the ratio of emission volume and value to gross value added generated by the economy of a given country (size of the economy). The necessary statistical data was obtained from Eurostat. It was found that in 2015 most of greenhouse gases were emitted by: Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, France and Italy. At the same time, France and the United Kingdom were characterized by one of the best emission efficiency in the European Union, Germany and Italy obtained average results, while Poland was in the group of countries with the lowest emission efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded, that the volume of emissions is significantly affected by the size of the economy. Some large emitters have economies based on relatively “clean” technologies and thus their potential to further reduction is not very high. The reverse is true for some low-emission countries, such as Estonia and Bulgaria. This indicates the need for a more comprehensive look at the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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