scholarly journals Can Digital Inclusive Finance Narrow the Chinese Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Perspective of the Regional Urban–Rural Income Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6427
Author(s):  
Naishu Yu ◽  
Yanzhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Western China ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Property Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Transfer Income ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wage Income

This paper empirically studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on the income structure of urban and rural residents in eastern, central, and western China. The results show that, first, digital inclusive finance is beneficial to narrowing the urban–rural per capita disposable income gap that has a disequilibrium effect among regions. Second, narrowing the wage income, property income, and transfer income gaps is beneficial but has little effect on the net operating income gap between urban and rural residents. Third, narrowing the wage income, property income, and transfer income gaps reduces the total income gap, and the wage income gap has the strongest intermediary force. In the end, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures for the development of digital inclusive finance to narrow each of these income gaps in different regions of China.

scholarly journals Urban and Rural Income Gap: Does Urban Spatial Form Matter in China?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110022
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Cuihong Long
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Impact

This research uses satellite remote sensing data to measure the urban spatial form and analyzes the impact of changes to urban spatial structure on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The results indicate that the compactness of the urban spatial form is positively correlated with the income gap between urban and rural residents. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the urban spatial extension rate and the urban–rural income gap. A subsequent analysis of the control variables shows that fiscal policy is positively correlated while urbanization is negatively correlated with the income gap between urban and rural residents. These conclusions provide the basis for formulating policies to narrow the urban–rural income gap. Appropriately reducing the spatial compactness of cities can narrow the income gap. In addition, changing excessive preferences for urban fiscal policy and increasing the level of urbanization can also promote a reduction in the income gap between urban and rural residents.

scholarly journals Effect of Urban-Rural Income Gap on the Population Peri-Urbanization Rate in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Bingyang Han ◽  
Zhili Ma ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Yingchao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Western China ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Impact

Attracted by the urban–rural income gap (URIG), a massive agricultural transfer population has flooded into cities and became a peri-urbanized population due to the restrictions of the household registration system. This trend eventually leads to the rising population peri-urbanization rate (PPUR), which is equal to the proportion of urban resident population with rural household registration in the total residents, and seriously affects the development of new-type people-oriented urbanization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of URIG on PPUR at the national and regional levels using the spatial exploration analysis and spatial Durbin model from the perspective of comparative economic interests. Empirical results revealed that PPUR had high spatial agglomeration, as indicated by high values in Eastern China and low values in Central and Western China. Moreover, the PPUR of most provinces in China was rising, dominated by intermediate values. At the national level, URIG promoted the increase of PPUR in the province, but inhibited the increase of PPUR in nearby provinces. Except for household registration, other control variables, such as industrial structure, fixed asset formation rate, infrastructure, medical resources and land-centered urbanization, also contributed to the PPUR in the province. At the regional level, the URIG of Central and Western China contributed to the increase of PPUR, whereas in Eastern China it inhibited the increase of PPUR. The strong correlation of URIG and PPUR calls for relevant policies for narrowing URIG and reducing PPUR.

Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092093683
Author(s):  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Inequality of Opportunity in Health Care: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7792
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Ze Song ◽  
Qingqing Zong
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Inequality Of Opportunity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Compensation Principle ◽  
Urban Rural

(1) Background: We aim to measure the urban-rural inequality of opportunity in healthcare in China based on the theory of Equality of Opportunity (EOp). (2) Methods: Following the compensation principle, we establish a decomposition strategy for the fairness gap, which we use for the measurement of the inequality of opportunity in urban-rural healthcare utilization. We then use China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data from 1997 to 2006 to calculate the fairness gap. (3) Results: Empirical analysis using CHNS data shows that the ratio of the fairness gap to the directly observed average urban-rural difference in healthcare was 1.167 for 1997–2000 and 1.744 for 2004–2006. The average urban-rural difference observed directly from original statistical data may have underestimated the degree of this essential inequity. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that upgrading urban-rural reimbursement ratios may not be sufficient in eliminating the inequality of opportunity in healthcare utilization between urban and rural residents. Within the context of an urban-rural dualistic social structure and widening of the urban-rural income gap, a shift to a pro-disadvantaged policy will be a more effective approach in promoting equality of opportunity in healthcare.

scholarly journals Does Fertilizer Use Intensity Respond to the Urban-Rural Income Gap? Evidence from a Dynamic Panel-Data Analysis in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Ruifa Hu
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of the urban-rural income gap on fertilizer use intensity in China. A theoretical analysis of the relationship among per capita rural income, the urban-rural income gap, and fertilizer use intensity is developed, which is similar to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Both the Theil index and urban-rural income ratio are employed to measure the urban-rural income gap using a provincial-level panel dataset covering 25 provincial-level administrative regions over the period 1995–2017. The estimation results of the system Generalized Method of Moments show that the expansion of the urban-rural income gap significantly increases fertilizer use intensity. While an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between fertilizer use intensity and per capita rural income, the peak turning point is much higher than the actual per capita rural income of all provinces in China. This demonstrates that fertilizer use intensity would further increase with the growth of rural income over a period of time. In addition, a lower growth rate of the agricultural product price, larger total sown size, and technological progress are likely to reduce fertilizer use intensity. This study has several important policy implications for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in China. Specifically, efforts must be made to narrow the urban-rural income gap, encourage agricultural research and extension, and promote land conversion and appropriately scaled-up agricultural business.

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