scholarly journals A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7328
Author(s):  
Saeed Solaymani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption

Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. As a leading exporter and consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use renewable energy as part of its energy mix toward energy security and sustainability. Due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this study aims to examine trends in energy demand, policies and development of renewable energies and the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth using two methodologies. This study first reviews the current state of energy and energy policies and then employs Granger causality analysis to test the relationships between the variables considered. Results showed that renewable energy technologies currently do not have a significant and adequate role in the energy supply of Iran. To encourage the use of renewable energy, especially in electricity production, fuel diversification policies and development program goals were introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Diversifying energy resources is a key pillar of Iran’s new plan. In addition to solar and hydropower, biomass from the municipal waste from large cities and other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used to generate energy and renewable sources. While present policies indicate the incorporation of sustainable energy sources, further efforts are needed to offset the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the study predicts that with the production capacity of agricultural products in 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained from crop residues and about 526 thousand tons of biodiesel from oilseeds annually. Granger’s causality analysis also shows that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth to renewable and non-renewable energy use. Labor force and gross fixed capital formation cause renewable energy consumption, and nonrenewable energy consumption causes renewable energy consumption.

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the US: A Markov-Switching VAR analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094403
Author(s):  
Emrah Ismail Cevik ◽  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Sel Dibooglu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us

We examine the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the United States. While the regime-dependent Granger causality test results for the non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth suggest bi-directional causality in both regimes, we cannot validate any causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The US meets its energy demand from non-renewable sources; as such, renewable energy consumption does not seem to affect economic growth. Given the efficiency and productivity of renewable energy investments, we conclude that it is worthwhile to consider renewable energy inputs to replace fossil fuels given potential benefits in terms of global warming and climate change concerns. In this regard, increasing the R&D investments in the renewable energy sectors, increases in productivity and profitability of renewable energy investments are likely to accrue benefits in the long run.

scholarly journals The Causal Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Middle East and North Africa

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Çağlayan Akay ◽  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Zamira Oskonbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

Renewable energy plays a crucial role in increasing economic growth while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to examine the interaction between renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions for selected Middle East and North Africa countries. For this aim, panel vector autoregression approach are used in the study. The annual data used in this study cover the period from 1988 to 2010 for Middle East and North Africa countries. Firstly, second generation unit root test are used to investigate stationarity properties of the variables and second generation panel cointegration test is applied to the data under consideration because of the cross-sectional dependence. Then a panel causality approach is proposed to examine the causal relationship between the variables. Finally, panel vector autoregression model, impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis are applied using generalized moment methods. The finding of this study shows that there is a bi-directional causality between growth and renewable energy consumption, which is consistent with the feedback hypothesis in terms of the energy consumption-growth nexus. It is found the evidence of unidirectional causality from carbon dioxide emissions to renewable energy consumption and from growth to carbon dioxide emissions. It is also found that the responses of growth to a shock of energy consumption are positive and the impact of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions is negative.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: evidence for OECD selected countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Samia Gmidene ◽  
Saida Zaidi ◽  
Sonia Zouari Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship among renewable energy, nuclear energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions for selected OECD countries over the period 1980 to 2013. All variables are found to be cointgrated.Results of Granger causality show long-run relationship from GDP, renewable energy consumption and nuclear energy consumption to CO2 emissions, from CO2 emissions, GDP, to renewable energy consumption, from emissions, GDP to renewable energy, and from CO2 emissions GDP and nuclear energy consumption.In short run, results show that there exists bidirectional causality between GDP and CO2 emissions, and unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to GDP. Also unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to CO2 emissions without feedback but no causality running from nuclear energy consumption to CO2 emissions was found. This evidence suggests that renewable energy can help to mitigate CO2 emissions, but so far, nuclear energy consumption has not reached a level where it can CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4419
Author(s):  
Cong Khai Dinh ◽  
Quang Thanh Ngo ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Sustaining economic growth while reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains a challenge for our world to fight against climate change and therefore finding a way to promote economic growth and increase renewable energy use is needed. This paper uses a 22-year panel dataset (1994–2015) of 9 countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations provided by the World Bank World Development Indicators to examine the impact of medium- and high-tech export on renewable energy use. We employ a fixed-effects regression model with the Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix estimator to account for sectoral and temporal dependence. We also control for inflation, employment, population growth, and gross domestic product per capita in our estimations. Our results demonstrate a U-shaped association between medium- and high-tech export and renewable energy consumption of these economies. The results propose that enhancing medium- and high-tech export could be a feasible solution for promoting renewable energy consumption.

scholarly journals How economic growth in Australia reacts to CO2 emissions, fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia H. Leal ◽  
Antonio Cardoso Marques ◽  
Jose Alberto Fuinhas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Australia is one of the ten largest emitters of greenhouse gases but stands out from the others due to its economic growth without recession for 26 consecutive years. This paper aims to focus on the energy-growth nexus and the effects of energy consumption on the environment in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This analysis is performed using annual data from 1965 to 2015 and the autoregressive distributed lag model. Findings The paper finds empirical evidence of a trade-off between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity. The results show that increased gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia increased investment in renewable energy sources (RESs), although the renewable technology is limited and has no impact on reducing CO2 intensity in the long run. In contrast to investment in RES, fossil fuels, coal and oil, are decreased by GDP. However, oil consumption increased renewable energy consumption, and this reflects the pervading effect of the growing economy. Originality/value Overall, this paper contributes to the literature by analysing the behaviour of both energy consumption and the environment on the growing Australian economy. In addition, this paper goes further by studying the impact of economic growth on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, as well as on CO2 emissions. The study is conducted on a single country for which literature is scarce, using a recent approach and a long time period.

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