A Review of Global Collaboration on COVID-19 Research during the Pandemic in 2020

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, which has become a severe threat to the health and sustainability of human life, scholars have published numerous research results. Although the importance of international research collaboration has been highlighted as a means of overcoming this global crisis, research on this particular problem has been lacking. Therefore, this study focused on the response of academia to COVID-19 by examining the collaboration between international research, and its impact. This study extracted data from Scopus, sampling articles and reviews published in 2020. By analyzing scenarios by country and international research collaboration based on data on authors’ nationalities and the research areas of documents, this study revealed that the United States and China contributed the most. In all countries, most research was conducted on medicine. European and American countries demonstrated significant interest in the social sciences and Asian countries in the life sciences. Furthermore, some countries, including Belgium and Pakistan, extended their research interests through international research collaboration. The results of this study highlight the importance of international research collaboration across various areas by overcoming the regional imbalance in intercountry collaboration and the concentration on a limited scope of subjects.

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Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on antimicrobial stewardship from 1990 to 2019

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-020-00651-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Waleed M. Sweileh

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

International Research ◽

Antibiotic Stewardship ◽

Research Collaboration ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

Search Query ◽

International Research Collaboration ◽

H Index ◽

Global Responsibility

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommended the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the clinical settings to minimize the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study aimed to assess global research activity on AMS as one measure for efforts dedicated to contain AMR. Method A bibliometric method was applied using Scopus. A validated search query was implemented. Bibliometric indicators and mapping were generated. The study period was from 1990 to 2019. The search query utilized the keywords “antimicrobial stewardship” or “antibiotic stewardship” in the titles or abstracts. In addition, documents with the term “restrict” or “restriction” if used with the terms “antimicrobial” or “antibiotic” were retrieved. Results The search query returned 4402 documents. The keyword “antimicrobial stewardship” returned 2849 documents while the keyword “antibiotic stewardship” returned 1718 documents. The terms restrict/restriction and antimicrobial/antibiotics returned 209 documents. The number of publications and cumulative citations showed a steep and parallel increase in the last decade. The region of the Americas returned the most while the Eastern Mediterranean region returned the least. The United States (n = 1834, 41.7%) ranked first. Main research themes in the retrieved literature were the (1) impact of AMS on hospital length stay, (2) role of pharmacists, and (3) development of resistance of various pathogens. Clostridium difficile (n = 94) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 76) were among the most frequently encountered author keywords. The Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology journal ranked first (n = 245, 5.6%, h-index = 134) while documents published in the Clinical Infectious Diseases journal (h-index = 321) received the highest number of citations per document (70.7). At the institutional level, the US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (n = 93, 2.1%) ranked first followed by the Imperial College London (n = 86, 2.0%). The main funding sponsors were the National Institute of Health. Pfizer, Merck, and Bayer pharmaceutical companies played a key role in funding AMS research. International research collaboration between developed (n = 3693, 83.9%) and developing countries (n = 759, 17.2%). Conclusion The fight against AMR is a global responsibility and implementation of AMS need to be carried out across the globe. International research collaboration between developing and developed countries should be encouraged.

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‘It’s Turned Me from a Professional to a “Bedroom DJ” Once Again’: COVID-19 and New Forms of Inequality for Young Music-Makers

Young ◽

10.1177/1103308821998542 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110330882199854

Author(s):

Frances Howard ◽

Andy Bennett ◽

Ben Green ◽

Paula Guerra ◽

Sofia Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

International Research ◽

Research Collaboration ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

International Research Collaboration ◽

Music Making ◽

The Social ◽

To Come

Given the unprecedented circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and increasingly uncertain socio-economic conditions, cultural practice remains a stable canvas upon which young people draw the most agency and exercise a sense of freedom. This article reports on an international research collaboration, drawing on the voices of 77 young musicians from three countries—Australia, England and Portugal—who were interviewed about their music-making practices during lockdown. Despite reporting loss of jobs and income and the social distancing restrictions placed upon the ability to make music, most young music-makers were positive about the value of having more time, to be both producers and consumers of music. At the same time, however, our data also highlight increasing forms of inequality among young music-makers. This article argues that despite short-term gains in relation to developing musical practice, the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on the music industry will affect the sector for years to come.

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International Collaboration: Experiences of Indian Scientists and Engineers after Returning from the United States

Perspectives on Global Development and Technology ◽

10.1163/15691497-12341498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (5-6) ◽

pp. 593-613

Author(s):

Roli Varma ◽

Meghna Sabharwal

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

International Research ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Research Collaboration ◽

The United States ◽

Scientific Culture ◽

International Research Collaboration ◽

Faculty Position ◽

The Us ◽

Scientists And Engineers

AbstractThis article presents findings on international research collaboration from a National Science Foundation-funded study with 83 faculty in science and engineering (S&E) who returned to India after studying and working in the United States. These faculty members were brought up in the Indian socio-cultural context, but they were professionalized in the scientific culture of Western academia. When they returned to India to take a faculty position, they knew collaborators in the US with desired skills, including their advisors. Yet, returned Indian migrant faculty face significant challenges in establishing successful international research collaboration with their American peers. Interestingly, this is not the case with collaborators from Europe and other parts of the world with whom they had little connection before moving to India. Findings show some inequities that exist between scientists and engineers in the US and India that pertain to resources and attitudes towards collaboration.

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Is academia becoming more localised? The growth of regional knowledge networks within international research collaboration

Applied Network Science ◽

10.1007/s41109-021-00371-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John Fitzgerald ◽

Sanna Ojanperä ◽

Neave O’Clery

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

International Collaboration ◽

International Research ◽

Research Collaboration ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Knowledge Networks ◽

Collaboration Network ◽

International Research Collaboration ◽

The Past ◽

Capability Building

AbstractIt is well-established that the process of learning and capability building is core to economic development and structural transformation. Since knowledge is ‘sticky’, a key component of this process is learning-by-doing, which can be achieved via a variety of mechanisms including international research collaboration. Uncovering significant inter-country research ties using Scopus co-authorship data, we show that within-region collaboration has increased over the past five decades relative to international collaboration. Further supporting this insight, we find that while communities present in the global collaboration network before 2000 were often based on historical geopolitical or colonial lines, in more recent years they increasingly align with a simple partition of countries by regions. These findings are unexpected in light of a presumed continual increase in globalisation, and have significant implications for the design of programmes aimed at promoting international research collaboration and knowledge diffusion.

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