scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ecological Benefits of Recycling Multiple Metals from Lithium Battery Saggars Based on Emergy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10745
Author(s):  
Wenbiao Zhang ◽  
Zehong Li ◽  
Shaopeng Li ◽  
Suocheng Dong ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Nickel Cobalt

With the rapid development of China’s new energy industry, the use of lithium-ion batteries has increased sharply, and the demand for battery cathode metals such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese has also increased rapidly. Scrapped ceramic saggars that are used to produce the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries contain large amounts of nickel, cobalt, and manganese compounds; thus, recycling these saggars has high economic value and ecological significance. In this paper, the emergy method is used to analyze the ecological benefits of the typical Ni–Co-containing saggar recycling process in China. This paper constructs an ecoefficiency evaluation index for industrial systems based on emergy analysis to analyze the recycling of nickel and cobalt saggars. The ecological benefits are analyzed, and the following conclusions are drawn. (1) The Ni–Co-containing saggar recycling production line has good economic and ecological benefits. (2) The process has room for improvement in the energy use efficiency and clean energy use of the crystallization process and the efficiency of chemical use in the cascade separation and purification process. This study also establishes a set of emergy analysis methods and indicator system for the evaluation of the ecological benefit of the recycling industry, which can provide a reference for the evaluation of the eco-economic benefit of similar recycling industry processes.

scholarly journals Advances in the Applications of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites in Clean Energy Materials

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Yiqiu Xiang ◽  
Ling Xin ◽  
Jiwei Hu ◽  
Caifang Li ◽  
Jimei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion

Extensive use of fossil fuels can lead to energy depletion and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to solve these problems by developing clean energy. Graphene materials own the advantages of high electrocatalytic activity, high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, strong flexibility, large specific surface area and light weight, thus giving the potential to store electric charge, ions or hydrogen. Graphene-based nanocomposites have become new research hotspots in the field of energy storage and conversion, such as in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion. Graphene as a catalyst carrier of hydrogen fuel cells has been further modified to obtain higher and more uniform metal dispersion, hence improving the electrocatalyst activity. Moreover, it can complement the network of electroactive materials to buffer the change of electrode volume and prevent the breakage and aggregation of electrode materials, and graphene oxide is also used as a cheap and sustainable proton exchange membrane. In lithium-ion batteries, substituting heteroatoms for carbon atoms in graphene composite electrodes can produce defects on the graphitized surface which have a good reversible specific capacity and increased energy and power densities. In solar cells, the performance of the interface and junction is enhanced by using a few layers of graphene-based composites and more electron-hole pairs are collected; therefore, the conversion efficiency is increased. Graphene has a high Seebeck coefficient, and therefore, it is a potential thermoelectric material. In this paper, we review the latest progress in the synthesis, characterization, evaluation and properties of graphene-based composites and their practical applications in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion.

scholarly journals Direct Recycling R&D at the ReCell Center

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Linda Gaines ◽  
Qiang Dai ◽  
John T. Vaughey ◽  
Samuel Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Domestic Resource ◽  
The U.S

The expected rapid growth in electric vehicle deployment will inevitably be followed by a corresponding rise in the supply of end-of-life vehicles and their lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The batteries may be reused, but will eventually be spent and provide a potential domestic resource that can help supply materials for future battery production. However, commercial recycling processes depend on profits from recovery of cobalt, use of which is being reduced in new cathode chemistries. The U.S. Department of Energy, therefore, established the ReCell Center in early 2019 to develop robust LIB recycling technology that would be economical even for batteries that contain no cobalt. The central feature of the technology is recovery of the cathode material with its unique crystalline cathode morphology intact in order to retain its value and functionality. Other materials are recovered as well in order to maximize revenues and minimize waste-handling costs. Analysis and modeling serve to evaluate and compare process options so that we can identify those that will be most economical while still minimizing energy use and environmental impacts. This paper provides background and describes highlights of the center’s first 2 years of operation.

Evaluating the electric vehicle popularization trend in China after 2020 and its challenges in the recycling industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoyao Wang ◽  
Jeongsoo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
The World

In recent years, China has started to develop electric vehicles (EVs) and has become the largest EV market in the world since 2015. Accordingly, the lithium-ion battery (LiB) industry has also been developing quickly in China. However, the Chinese government has decided to cancel the subsidy policy on EVs, which makes the EV market in China unpredictable in the future. Moreover, there will be a considerable number of end-of-life (EoL) EVs and waste LiBs generated in China. These wastes should be appropriately recycled to avoid resource waste or pollution problems. Nevertheless, the quantity and type of EoL EVs and waste LiBs has not been obtained. This research aims at unravelling the trend of EV sales and the volume and type of EoL EVs and waste LiBs in China. We found that it is fair to predict that EVs will increase as the Chinese government has planned even without the subsidy policy. Moreover, we estimated the number of EoL EVs and waste LiBs number based on their calendar lifespan and found that there will be 1.36 million EoL EVs and 11.36 million waste LiBs generated in China in 2030. Furthermore, most of these waste LiBs will be of the nickel cobalt manganese oxide type of ternary LiBs. However, due to the flow of second-hand vehicles from economically developed cities to less economically developed cities, only 400,000 EoL EVs and 3.4 million waste LiBs will be recycled through the formal recycling route. Such information is necessary when evaluating the environmental effect or profitability of the EoL EV and waste LiB recycling industry.

Nickel cobalt sulfide Nanotube Array on Nickel Foam as Anode Material for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Yu ◽  
Y.F. Yuan ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
S.M. Yin ◽  
J.X. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cobalt Sulfide ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Nickel Cobalt

Infrared-assisted Synthesis of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Alumina Oxide Powders as Electrode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Te Hsieh ◽  
Hsiu-Hui Hsu ◽  
Jo-Pei Hsu ◽  
Yu-Fu Chen ◽  
Jeng-Kuei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Alumina Oxide
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