scholarly journals Considerations of Use-Use Interactions between Macroalgae Cultivation and Other Maritime Sectors: An Eastern Baltic MSP Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13888
Author(s):  
Aurelija Armoškaitė ◽  
Ieva Bārda ◽  
Ingrīda Andersone ◽  
Ida Maria Bonnevie ◽  
Anda Ikauniece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Eastern Baltic

With the blue economic sectors growing, marine macroalgae cultivation plays an important role in securing food and energy supplies, as well as better water quality in sustainable ways, whether alone or as part of a cluster solution to mitigate the effects of fish farming. While macroalgae cultivation exists in Europe, it is not that widely distributed yet; with increasing marine activities at sea, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) needs to ensure social recognition as well as social and spatial representation for such a new marine activity. This comparative case study analysis of MSPs of three eastern Baltic Sea countries explores the levels of support for the development of macroalgae cultivation in MSP and the degree of co-location options for this new and increasingly important sector. It presents new analytical ways of incorporating co-location considerations into the concept of social sustainability. The results of this study support the harmonisation of views on co-location, propose ways of using space to benefit multiple users as well as marine ecosystems, and highlight some of the key social challenges and enablers for this sector.

scholarly journals Ministerial Education Councils’ Capacity for Policy Decision-Making in Canada, Germany, and Switzerland: Finding a Balanced Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton Faubert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Ministerial Education ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Scholars have become increasingly vigilant about leaders, the role of government and wider governance bodies, and their influence on education policy. Councils in Europe and North America, generally, and education councils, specifically, are good examples of influential bodies whose decision-making processes have rightfully come under scrutiny; however, many scholarly assessments have been characterized by rhetorical claims that focus on these bodies’ limited ability to make decisions and address social challenges. This article details a qualitative, comparative case study conducted in 2018 that investigated how Councils of Ministers of Education in Canada, Germany, and Switzerland address national educational issues of collective interest. The resulting dataset is comprehensive, and this research invites colleagues to refine or rethink some of their limiting rhetorical tools and underlying assumptions.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

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