Urban Flood Risk and Economic Viability Analyses of a Smart Sustainable Drainage System

Urban drainage systems are in transition from functioning simply as a transport system to becoming an important element of urban flood protection measures providing considerable influence on urban infrastructure sustainability. Rapid urbanization combined with the implications of climate change is one of the major emerging challenges. The increased concerns with water security and the ageing of existing drainage infrastructure are new challenges in improving urban water management. This study carried out in the Seixal area in Portugal examines flood risk analyses and mitigation techniques performed by computational modelling using MIKE SHE from the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI). Several scenarios were compared regarding flood risk and sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) efficiency. To obtain a more accurate analysis, the economic viability of each technique was analyzed as well through (i) life cost analysis and (ii) taking into account the damages caused by a certain type of flood. The results present that the best scenario is the one that will minimize the effects of great urbanization and consequently the flood risk, which combines two different measures: permeable pavement and detention basin. This alternative allows us to fully explore the mitigation capacity of each viable technique, demonstrating a very important improvement in the flood mitigation system in Seixal.

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Evaluating the Thermal Performance of Wet Swales Housing Ground Source Heat Pump Elements through Laboratory Modelling

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11113118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3118 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carlos Rey-Mahía ◽

Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda ◽

Valerio C. Andrés-Valeri ◽

Felipe Pedro Álvarez-Rabanal ◽

Stephen John Coupe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Outlet Temperature ◽

Ground Source Heat Pump ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Ground Source ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

The Impact

Land-use change due to rapid urbanization poses a threat to urban environments, which are in need of multifunctional green solutions to face complex future socio-ecological and climate scenarios. Urban regeneration strategies, bringing green infrastructure, are currently using sustainable urban drainage systems to exploit the provision of ecosystem services and their wider benefits. The link between food, energy and water depicts a technological knowledge gap, represented by previous attempts to investigate the combination between ground source heat pump and permeable pavement systems. This research aims to transfer these concepts into greener sustainable urban drainage systems like wet swales. A 1:2 scaled laboratory models were built and analysed under a range of ground source heat pump temperatures (20–50 °C). Behavioral models of vertical and inlet/outlet temperature difference within the system were developed, achieving high R2, representing the first attempt to describe the thermal performance of wet swales in literature when designed alongside ground source heat pump elements. Statistical analyses showed the impact of ambient temperature and the heating source at different scales in all layers, as well as, the resilience to heating processes, recovering their initial thermal state within 16 h after the heating stage.

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A Proactive Approach to Flood Risk Management in Urban Drainage Systems

Urban Drainage Modeling ◽

10.1061/40583(275)34 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Jadranka Milina ◽

Klaus-Peter Nieschulz ◽

Ingrid Selseth ◽

Wolfgang Schilling

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Risk Management ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Proactive Approach ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

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Sediment and pollutant load modelling using an integrated urban drainage modelling toolbox: an application of City Drain

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.139 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 2273-2282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. P. Rodríguez ◽

S. Achleitner ◽

M. Möderl ◽

W. Rauch ◽

Č. Maksimović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computational Modelling ◽

Integrated Modelling ◽

Research Centre ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

Accumulation Of Pollutants

Numerical and computational modelling of flow and pollutant dynamics in urban drainage systems is becoming more and more integral to planning and design. The main aim of integrated flow and pollutant models is to quantify the efficiency of different measures at reducing the amount of pollutants discharged into receiving water bodies and minimise the consequent negative water quality impact. The open source toolbox CITY DRAIN developed in the Matlab/Simulink© environment, which was designed for integrated modelling of urban drainage systems, is used in this work. The goal in this study was to implement and test computational routines for representing sediment and pollutant loads in order to evaluate catchment surface pollution. Tested models estimate the accumulation, erosion and transport of pollutants—aggregately—on urban surfaces and in sewers. The toolbox now includes mathematical formulations for accumulation of pollutants during dry weather period and their wash-off during rainfall events. The experimental data acquired in a previous research project carried out by the Environmental Engineering Research Centre (CIIA) at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá (Colombia) was used for the calibration of the models. Different numerical approaches were tested for their ability to calibrate to the sediment transport conditions. Initial results indicate, when there is more than one peak during the rainfall event duration, wash-off processes probably can be better represented using a model based on the flow instead of the rainfall intensity. Additionally, it was observed that using more detailed models (compared with an instantaneous approach) for representing pollutant accumulation do not necessarily lead to better results.

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Comparison between InfoWorks hydraulic results and a physical model of an urban drainage system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.254 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 372-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Matteo Rubinato ◽

James Shucksmith ◽

Adrian J. Saul ◽

Will Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Physical Model ◽

Drainage System ◽

Physical Modelling ◽

Physical Models ◽

Scale Model ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Physical Scale ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Urban drainage systems are frequently analysed using hydraulic modelling software packages such as InfoWorks CS or MIKE-Urban. The use of such modelling tools allows the evaluation of sewer capacity and the likelihood and impact of pluvial flood events. Models can also be used to plan major investments such as increasing storage capacity or the implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems. In spite of their widespread use, when applied to flooding the results of hydraulic models are rarely compared with field or laboratory (i.e. physical modelling) data. This is largely due to the time and expense required to collect reliable empirical data sets. This paper describes a laboratory facility which will enable an urban flood model to be verified and generic approaches to be built. Results are presented from the first phase of testing, which compares the sub-surface hydraulic performance of a physical scale model of a sewer network in Yorkshire, UK, with downscaled results from a calibrated 1D InfoWorks hydraulic model of the site. A variety of real rainfall events measured in the catchment over a period of 15 months (April 2008–June 2009) have been both hydraulically modelled and reproduced in the physical model. In most cases a comparison of flow hydrographs generated in both hydraulic and physical models shows good agreement in terms of velocities which pass through the system.

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Urban drainage system planning and design – challenges with climate change and urbanization: a review

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.207 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 165-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Zeinab Yazdanfar ◽

Ashok Sharma

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Drainage System ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Local Area ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

Fit For Purpose

Urban drainage systems are in general failing in their functions mainly due to non-stationary climate and rapid urbanization. As these systems are becoming less efficient, issues such as sewer overflows and increase in urban flooding leading to surge in pollutant loads to receiving water bodies are becoming pervasive rapidly. A comprehensive investigation is required to understand these factors impacting the functioning of urban drainage, which vary spatially and temporally and are more complex when weaving together. It is necessary to establish a cost-effective, integrated planning and design framework for every local area by incorporating fit for purpose alternatives. Carefully selected adaptive measures are required for the provision of sustainable drainage systems to meet combined challenges of climate change and urbanization. This paper reviews challenges associated with urban drainage systems and explores limitations and potentials of different adaptation alternatives. It is hoped that the paper would provide drainage engineers, water planners, and decision makers with the state of the art information and technologies regarding adaptation options to increase drainage systems efficiency under changing climate and urbanization.

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