scholarly journals Technological Breakthrough for the Afforestation of Populus euphratica in the Mu Us Desert in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13900
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Beibei Gao ◽  
Zhibao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Mu Us Desert ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Conservation Rate ◽  
Land Control

The Mu Us Desert (MUD) is one of the four largest sandy lands in China. On 22 April 2020, the Shaanxi Forestry Bureau announced that the desertification land control rate in Yulin reached 93.24%, which means that the Mu Us Desert was about to “disappear” from the territory of Shaanxi. However, the problem of biological diversity, mostly for Pinus sylvestris and shrubs in the Mu Us Desert, remains serious. In order to consolidate the current forest conservation efforts, Populus euphratica has been considered an ideal candidate since the 1950s. However, the low survival rate and conservation rate of Populus euphratica in the MUD led us to perform further large-scale introduction for over 70 years. In this study, by using root control seedling technology, the survival and the conservation rate of Populus euphratica were increased to more than 90%. This study makes possible the introduction of Populus euphratica in the MUD, and the successful introduction of Populus euphratica will provide a new barrier for forest ecosystem stability in the desertification control project in the Yulin area.

scholarly journals From Planning to Action: Forest Conservation and Management in Papua New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
Conservation And Management

Papua New Guinea (PNG) occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and still boasts 33 million hectares of closed natural forest (77% of the country), home to numerous endemic species. Overall PNG is sparsely populated with some 700 distinct cultural/ language groups. Economic growth over the past two decades has been spurred by large-scale mining, petroleum and logging operations though the majority of the population continues to rely upon subsistence agriculture (swidden) and collection and utilization of forest products. Some 15 million hectares of forests are accessible for logging, of which 1.5 million hectares have already been logged, generally in an unsustainable manner. Of the over 6 million ha of approved timber blocks more than 1.5 million hectares have been located in areas of high biological value. Forest loss and degradation is now becoming a serious problem.

Large Scale Forest Conservation With an Indigenous People in the Highly Threatened Southeastern Amazon of Brazil: The Kayapo

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Zimmerman ◽  
Stephen Schwartzman ◽  
Adriano Jerozolimski ◽  
Junio Esllei ◽  
Edson Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Conservation

Alternative current electroluminescence and flexible light emitting devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 5553-5572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanasinghe Arachchige Dumith Madushanka Jayathilaka ◽  
Amutha Chinnappan ◽  
Ju Nie Tey ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Alternative Current

Flexible electroluminescence has become a trending technological breakthrough from large-scale displays to wearable light emitting devices. Among different techniques, alternative current electroluminescence (ACEL) has out-shined due to its intrinsic advantages.

scholarly journals Quantifying large‐scale ecosystem stability with remote sensing data

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Hannah J. White ◽  
Willson Gaul ◽  
Dinara Sadykova ◽  
Lupe León‐Sánchez ◽  
Paul Caplat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Sensing Data

The role of connectivity in Australian conservation

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Soulé ◽  
B. G. Mackey ◽  
H. F. Recher ◽  
J. E. Williams ◽  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Landscape Permeability ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Scientific Framework

The existing system of nature reserves in Australia is inadequate for the long-term conservation and restoration of native biological diversity because it fails to accommodate, among other elements, large scale and long-term ecological processes and change, including physical and biotic transport in the landscape. This paper is an overview of the connectivity elements that inform a scientific framework for significantly improving the prospects for the long-term conservation of Australia's biodiversity. The framework forms the basis for the WildCountry programme. This programme has identified connectivity at landscape, regional and continental scales as a critical component of an effective conservation system. Seven categories of ecological phenomena are reviewed that require landscape permeability and that must be considered when planning for the maintenance of biological diversity and ecological resilience in Australia: (1) trophic relations at regional scales; (2) animal migration, dispersal, and other large scale movements of individuals and propagules; (3) fire and other forms of disturbance at regional scales; (4) climate variability in space and time and human forced rapid climate change; (5) hydroecological relations and flows at all scales; (6) coastal zone fluxes of organisms, matter, and energy; and, (7) spatially-dependent evolutionary processes at all scales. Finally, we mention eight cross-cutting themes that further illuminate the interactions and implications of the seven connectivity-related phenomena for conservation assessment, planning, research, and management, and we suggest how the results might be applied by analysts, planners, scientists, and community conservationists.

scholarly journals The decline of the bumble bees and cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) of Western and Central Europe

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kosior ◽  
Waldemar Celary ◽  
Paweł Olejniczak ◽  
Jan Fijał ◽  
Wieslaw Król ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories

The bumble and cuckooo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini; Bombus spp. and Psithyrus spp., respectively) are important plant pollinators and any decline in numbers or species constitutes a significant threat both to biological diversity and to whole economies. The distribution, status and factors threatening all 60 known taxa (species and subspecies) of Bombini of 11 countries of Western and Central Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland) were assessed from the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis was based on a literature review, unpublished data, personal communications, our own observations, and an expert review. The IUCN Red List categories were used for assessing the threat of extinction. Eighty per cent of taxa were threatened in at least one country of the region, and 30% of taxa were threatened throughout their range in the countries considered. More species went extinct per country in the second than in the first half of the 20th century, and four taxa went extinct in all 11 countries during 1951–2000. Amongst the factors adversely affecting the Bombini anthropogenic factors (particularly those associated with large-scale farming schemes) appear to be of greater importance than natural factors. To halt population declines and species extinctions it will be necessary to preserve aspects of traditional farming practices and for all Bombini to be afforded legal protection in all countries of the region. The implementation of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy is likely to have the greatest single impact upon pollinators in the near future.

scholarly journals Towards reducing misrepresentation of national achievements in marine protected area targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
patrick Smallhorn-West ◽  
Hugh Govan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Database ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted 20 targets, known as the Aichi Targets, to benchmark progress towards protecting biodiversity. These targets include Target 11 relating to Marine Protected Area coverage and the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the accepted international database for tracking national commitments to this target. However, measuring national progress towards conservation targets relies on sound data. This paper highlights the large-scale misrepresentation, by up to two orders of magnitude, of national marine protected area coverage from two Pacific Island nations in multiple online databases and subsequent reports, including conclusions regarding achievements of Aichi 11 commitments. It recommends that for the target driven approach to have value, users of the WDPA data should carefully consider its caveats before using their raw data and that countries should strive for a greater degree of accountability. Lastly it also concludes that protected area coverage may not be the best approach to environmental sustainability and that the remaining 19 targets should be considered to a greater extent.

scholarly journals Environmental Protection Acts in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 480-483
Author(s):  
Nishant Shyam Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity

The environment of our planet is degrading at an alarming rate because of non-sustainable urbanization, industrialization and agriculture. There is need of management of natural resources, biodiversity loss, land use, convention on biological diversity and ecosystem diversity. The rapid increase in industrialization and human needs, environment has been badly suffered. That why there was need of creating law for conversion of environment in India. So environmental laws made for huge to maintain an ecological balance of environment by safeguarding the forests and wildlife, biodiversity, forest conservation of the country. The ministry of environment forest & the nodal agency is the administrative structure of the central government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of environment& forestry programmes. The principle activity taken by ministry of environment& forest and wildlife prevention control of pollution, afforestation regeneration of degraded areas and protection of environment in the framework of legislation. This research paper will be focus on what has action & laws are made by Indian government for protection of environment.

REFLORA: A Virtual Way to Share Information about Brazilian Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zappi ◽  
Rafaela Campostrini Forzza ◽  
E. Nic Lughadha
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Brazilian Flora

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History. Please check back later for the full article. Brazilian flora, the richest in the world, has long been the subject of scholarly study. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, plant samples collected in Brazil were sent to European herbaria, where botanists documented the little-known flora and its potential uses. From the twentieth century onward, Brazil created research centers to house its biological collections, facilitating study by Brazilian professionals of their native biodiversity. However, many early specimens deposited in European collections have yet to be examined by taxonomists. In the early twenty-first century, cost-effective digitization techniques enabled large-scale repatriation of herbarium data. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation supported herbaria worldwide to digitize their collections, especially type-specimens, through the African, Latin American, and Global Plants Initiatives. A party to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Brazil responds to global challenges, such as the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which set sixteen targets for understanding and conserving plant diversity. In 2008, Brazil’s Environment Ministry tasked the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (JBRJ) to coordinate a compilation of the Brazilian List of Plants, Algae, and Fungi (Brazilian List) by 2010, to meet GSPC Target 1. JBRJ tapped the expertise of more than 500 Brazilian and foreign taxonomists to develop and maintain a dynamic list that rapidly became the reference for Brazil's flora. In 2011, Brazil’s Science and Technology Ministry, recognizing the need to link knowledge from digitized plant specimens and the Brazilian List, funded the amalgamation of the Brazilian List with a new Virtual Herbarium dubbed “REFLORA.” Founded as a partnership among JBRJ, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), and the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, UK), REFLORA includes two components: (1) digitization of herbarium specimens and maintenance and update of the Brazilian List, and (2) capacity-building, including visits by Brazilian researchers to European collections to improve specimen identification and foster baseline research that directly impacts plant conservation. Both the Brazilian List and the Virtual Herbarium are interactive platforms incorporating feedback from scientists involved in the project. Changes to these databases appear immediately, making current taxonomic views regarding a specimen or a plant name available online worldwide. Their success has stimulated Brazilian zoologists to prepare a similar list, while the botanical community is already responding to GSPC’s 2020 target to build a digital World Flora. The Brazilian Flora project will be founded on the platforms and scientific community created by the Brazilian List.

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