Tissue Engineering in Musculoskeletal Tissue: A Review of the Literature

Tissue engineering refers to the attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. This is a field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors, and their combinations to create tissue-like structures. To date, no tissue engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but they may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss in the near future. Herein, we reviewed the literature and showed different techniques to produce synthetic tissues with the same architectural, structural and functional properties as native tissues.

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Tissue Engineering in Musculoskeletal Tissue: Review of Literature

10.20944/preprints202011.0697.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Bove ◽

Annalisa Carlucci ◽

Giovanni Natale ◽

Chiara Freda ◽

Antonio Noro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Living Cells ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss ◽

Structural And Functional Properties ◽

Near Future

Tissue engineering, also called “regenerative medicine”, refers to attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in laboratory. This is a field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors and their combinations, to create tissue-like structures.. To date, no tissue engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but it may represent a valid alternative to treat volumetric muscle loss in the near future. Herein, we reviewed the literature and showed different techniques to produce synthetic tissues with the same architectural, structural and functional properties of native tissues.

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Encapsulation of bone marrow-MSCs in PRP-derived fibrin microbeads and preliminary evaluation in a volumetric muscle loss injury rat model: modular muscle tissue engineering

Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/21691401.2018.1540426 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 10-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Özge Lalegül-Ülker ◽

Şükran Şeker ◽

Ayşe Eser Elçin ◽

Yaşar Murat Elçin

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Rat Model ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Bone Marrow Mscs ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss

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Assembled Cell‐Decorated Collagen (AC‐DC) Fiber Bioprinted Implants with Musculoskeletal Tissue Properties Promote Functional Recovery in Volumetric Muscle Loss

Advanced Healthcare Materials ◽

10.1002/adhm.202101357 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2101357

Author(s):

Kyle W. Christensen ◽

Jonathan Turner ◽

Kelly Coughenour ◽

Yas Maghdouri‐White ◽

Anna A. Bulysheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Recovery ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Tissue Properties ◽

Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss

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Myogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal cells and its tissue repair capacity on volumetric muscle loss

Journal of Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1177/2041731419887100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 204173141988710 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Di Zhang ◽

Kai Yan ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Tianpeng Xu ◽

Menglei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Repair Capacity ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss

Stem cell–based tissue engineering therapy is the most promising method for treating volumetric muscle loss. Human amniotic mesenchymal cells possess characteristics similar to those of embryonic stem cells. In this study, we verified the stem cell characteristics of human amniotic mesenchymal cells by the flow cytometry analysis, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Through induction with the DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine, human amniotic mesenchymal cells can undergo myogenic differentiation and express skeletal muscle cell–specific markers such as desmin and MyoD. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also plays an important role. After 5-azacytidine-induced human amniotic mesenchymal cells were implanted into rat tibialis anterior muscle with volumetric muscle loss, we observed increased angiogenesis and improved local tissue repair. We believe that human amniotic mesenchymal cells can serve as a potential source of cells for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

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The Potential of Combination Therapeutics for More Complete Repair of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injuries: The Role of Exogenous Growth Factors and/or Progenitor Cells in Implantable Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Technologies

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000447323 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 202 (3-4) ◽

pp. 202-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Juliana A. Passipieri ◽

George J. Christ

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Host Cell ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Regenerative Capacity ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss ◽

Exogenous Growth ◽

Exogenous Growth Factors

Despite the robust regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, there are a variety of congenital and acquired conditions in which the volume of skeletal muscle loss results in major permanent functional and cosmetic deficits. These latter injuries are referred to as volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries or VML-like conditions, and they are characterized by the simultaneous absence of multiple tissue components (i.e., nerves, vessels, muscles, satellite cells, and matrix). There are currently no effective treatment options. Regenerative medicine/tissue engineering technologies hold great potential for repair of these otherwise irrecoverable VML injuries. In this regard, three-dimensional scaffolds have been used to deliver sustained amounts of growth factors into a variety of injury models, to modulate host cell recruitment and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, this is a nascent field of research, and more complete functional improvements require more precise control of the spatiotemporal distribution of critical growth factors over a physiologically relevant range. This is especially true for VML injuries where incorporation of a cellular component into the scaffolds might provide not only a source of new tissue formation but also additional signals for host cell migration, recruitment, and survival. To this end, we review the major features of muscle repair and regeneration for largely recoverable injuries, and then discuss recent cell- and/or growth factor-based approaches to repair the more profound and irreversible VML and VML-like injuries. The underlying supposition is that more rationale incorporation of exogenous growth factors and/or cellular components will be required to optimize the regenerative capacity of implantable therapeutics for VML repair.

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Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials-Based Strategies for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering7030085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meagan E. Carnes ◽

George D. Pins

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Scar Tissue ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Direct Regeneration ◽

Small Scale ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Muscle Injuries ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss

Millions of Americans suffer from skeletal muscle injuries annually that can result in volumetric muscle loss (VML), where extensive musculoskeletal damage and tissue loss result in permanent functional deficits. In the case of small-scale injury skeletal muscle is capable of endogenous regeneration through activation of resident satellite cells (SCs). However, this is greatly reduced in VML injuries, which remove native biophysical and biochemical signaling cues and hinder the damaged tissue’s ability to direct regeneration. The current clinical treatment for VML is autologous tissue transfer, but graft failure and scar tissue formation leave patients with limited functional recovery. Tissue engineering of instructive biomaterial scaffolds offers a promising approach for treating VML injuries. Herein, we review the strategic engineering of biophysical and biochemical cues in current scaffold designs that aid in restoring function to these preclinical VML injuries. We also discuss the successes and limitations of the three main biomaterial-based strategies to treat VML injuries: acellular scaffolds, cell-delivery scaffolds, and in vitro tissue engineered constructs. Finally, we examine several innovative approaches to enhancing the design of the next generation of engineered scaffolds to improve the functional regeneration of skeletal muscle following VML injuries.

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