scholarly journals Non-Minimal Lorentz Violation in Macroscopic Matter

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
Matthew Mewes

The effects of Lorentz and CPT violations on macroscopic objects are explored. Effective composite coefficients for Lorentz violation are derived in terms of coefficients for electrons, protons, and neutrons in the Standard-Model Extension, including all minimal and non-minimal violations. The hamiltonian and modified Newton’s second law for a test body are derived. The framework is applied to free-fall and torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle and to orbital motion. The effects on continuous media are studied, and the frequency shifts in acoustic resonators are calculated.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Zhou ◽  
Bo-Qiang Ma

We compare the Lorentz violation terms of the pure photon sector between two field theory models, namely, the minimal standard model extension (SME) and the standard model supplement (SMS). From the requirement of the identity of the intersection for the two models, we find that the free photon sector of the SMS can be a subset of the photon sector of the minimal SME. We not only obtain some relations between the SME parameters but also get some constraints on the SMS parameters from the SME parameters. The CPT-odd coefficients(kAF)αof the SME are predicted to be zero. There are 15 degrees of freedom in the Lorentz violation matrixΔαβof free photons of the SMS related with the same number of degrees of freedom in the tensor coefficients(kF)αβμν, which are independent from each other in the minimal SME but are interrelated in the intersection of the SMS and the minimal SME. With the related degrees of freedom, we obtain the conservative constraints(2σ)on the elements of the photon Lorentz violation matrix. The detailed structure of the photon Lorentz violation matrix suggests some applications to the Lorentz violation experiments for photons.


2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 055003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J I Aranda ◽  
F Ramírez-Zavaleta ◽  
D A Rosete ◽  
F J Tlachino ◽  
J J Toscano ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 1250139 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ADEEL AJAIB

Rashba spin–orbit interaction is a well-studied effect in condensed matter physics and has important applications in spintronics. The standard model extension (SME) includes a CPT-even term with the coefficient Hμν, which leads to the Rashba interaction term. From the limit available on the coefficient Hμν in the SME we derive a limit on the Rashba coupling constant for Lorentz violation. In condensed matter physics the Rashba term is understood as resulting from an asymmetry in the confining potential at the interface of two different types of semiconductors. Based on this interpretation we suggest that a possible way of inducing the Hμν term in the SME is with an asymmetry in the potential that confines us to three spatial dimensions.


2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO-QIANG MA

I present a brief review on the motivation for the study on Lorentz violation and on some of our studies with phenomenological analysis of Lorentz violation effects. I also discuss three effective field theory frameworks for Lorentz violation: the Coleman-Glashow model, the standard model extension (SME), and the standard model supplement (SMS). The situation of the OPERA "anomaly" is also briefly reviewed, together with some discussion on the superluminality of neutrinos within the effective field theory frameworks.


2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1359-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI XIAO ◽  
BO-QIANG MA

We derive a modified dispersion relation (MDR) in the Lorentz violation extension of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) sector in the standard model extension (SME) framework. Based on the extended Dirac equation and corresponding MDR, we observe the resemblance of the Lorentz violation coupling to spin–gravity coupling. We also develop a neutrino oscillation mechanism induced by the presence of nondiagonal terms of Lorentz violation couplings in two-flavor space in a two-spinor formalism by explicitly assuming neutrinos to be Marjorana fermions. We also obtain a very stringent bound (∽ 10-25) on one of the Lorentz violation parameters by applying the MDR to the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) problem.


Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Schreck

This work reviews our current understanding of Cherenkov-type processes in vacuum that may occur due to a possible violation of Lorentz invariance. The description of Lorentz violation is based on the Standard Model Extension (SME). To get an overview as general as possible, the most important findings for vacuum Cherenkov radiation in Minkowski spacetime are discussed. After doing so, special emphasis is put on gravitational Cherenkov radiation. For a better understanding, the essential properties of the gravitational SME are recalled in this context. The common grounds and differences of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in Minkowski spacetime and in the gravity sector are emphasized.


Galaxies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
James Overduin ◽  
Hamna Ali ◽  
Francis Walz

We use experimental limits on Lorentz violation within the framework of the Standard-Model Extension to derive quantitative constraints on Space-Time-Matter theory, a version of Kaluza–Klein theory in which the cylinder condition is relaxed so that four-dimensional physics can in principle depend on the extra coordinates. The extra dimensions are not necessarily compact or length-like. We find that the associated variation in fundamental quantities such as rest mass must occur slowly, on cosmological scales.


2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S261) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Quentin G. Bailey

AbstractIn the last decade, a variety of high-precision experiments have searched for miniscule violations of Lorentz symmetry. These searches are largely motivated by the possibility of uncovering experimental signatures from a fundamental unified theory. Experimental results are reported in the framework called the Standard-Model Extension (SME), which describes general Lorentz violation for each particle species in terms of its coefficients for Lorentz violation. Recently, the role of gravitational experiments in probing the SME has been explored in the literature. In this talk, I will summarize theoretical and experimental aspects of these works. I will also discuss recent lunar laser ranging and atom interferometer experiments, which place stringent constraints on gravity coefficients for Lorentz violation.


Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Bonder ◽  
Cristóbal Corral

It is well known that a theory with explicit Lorentz violation is not invariant under diffeomorphisms. On the other hand, for geometrical theories of gravity, there are alternative transformations, which can be best defined within the first-order formalism and that can be regarded as a set of improved diffeomorphisms. These symmetries are known as local translations, and among other features, they are Lorentz covariant off shell. It is thus interesting to study if theories with explicit Lorentz violation are invariant under local translations. In this work, an example of such a theory, known as the minimal gravity sector of the Standard Model Extension, is analyzed. Using a robust algorithm, it is shown that local translations are not a symmetry of the theory. It remains to be seen if local translations are spontaneously broken under spontaneous Lorentz violation, which are regarded as a more natural alternative when spacetime is dynamic.


2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (12b) ◽  
pp. 2469-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL RUSSELL

An overview of space tests searching for small deviations from special relativity arising at the Planck scale is given. Potential high-sensitivity space-based experiments include ones with atomic clocks, masers, and electromagnetic cavities. We show that a significant portion of the coefficient space in the Standard Model extension, a framework that covers the full spectrum of possible effects, can be accessed using space tests. Some remarks on Lorentz violation in the gravitational sector are also given.


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