Theophrastus Paracelsus von Hohenheim: His Corpuscular Theory and the Spread of Paracelsianism

The purpose of this article is to analyze Paracelsus’s corpuscular theory in order to be explained how his theory redefined the terms of minima naturalia and semina rerum adding new terms, such as archeus. Initially the study refers to important information about his life and to historical theories of analysis of Paracelsus’s corpuscularianism. Next, the paper undertakes a detailed analysis of his matter theory focusing on the terms of minima naturalia, semina rerum and tria prima. Finally, the research explains how Paracelsus’s matter theory was adopted by his followers and constituted a controversial subject between the scholars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, providing a different view of how his matter theory constituted a force key in the development of the Scientific Revolution.

Deformations of supergravity and supersymmetry anomalies

We present a BRST analysis of supersymmetry anomalies of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supersymmetric quantum field theories with anomalous R symmetry. To this end, we consider the coupling of the matter theory to classical $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 new minimal supergravity. We point out that a supersymmetry anomaly cocycle associated to the U(1)R field does exist for this theory. It is non-trivial in the space of supergravity fields (and ghosts), but it becomes BRST-exact in the functional space that includes antifields. Equivalently, the U(1)R supersymmetry anomaly cocycle vanishes “on-shell”. It is therefore removable. However, to remove it — precisely because it is not trivial in the smaller space of fields — one needs to deform the supergravity BRST operator. This deformation is triggered, at first order in the anomaly coefficient, by a local operator S1 of ghost number 1. We give a cohomological characterization of S1 and compute it in full detail. At higher orders in the anomaly coefficient, we expect a priori that further deformations of the BRST rules are necessary.

Newton’s Matter Theory

This chapter focuses on Newton’s ideas about matter and bodies in connection with traditional questions about nature and structure, also examining an important crossover into his quantitative approach. It begins with his early proclivity for ontologically prior parts and atomism itself, then considering their effect upon his ideas about natural kinds; his composition theory; and his explanatory shift from the aether to forces. His most metaphysical account of body, articulated in De gravitatione and belonging to a broader account of substance, is then examined. Rather than employing a substratum, the account reduces bodies solely to powers and attributes, which themselves establish material dimensionality. The penultimate section examines a crossover of some matter-theoretic ideas into the Principia’s very different theoretical context, where they threaten his argument for universal gravitation. It shows that his unjustified assumption of matter’s inertial homogeneity derives from his old atomist commitments.

Accounting for exotic matter and the extreme radial tension in Morris–Thorne wormholes of embedding class one

The embedding of a curved spacetime in a higher-dimensional flat spacetime has continued to be a topic of interest in the general theory of relativity, as exemplified by the induced-matter theory. This paper deals with spacetimes of embedding class one, i.e., spacetimes that can be embedded in a five-dimensional flat spacetime. Einstein’s theory allows the fifth dimension to be either spacelike or timelike. By assuming the latter, this paper addresses two fundamental issues concerning Morris–Thorne wormholes, the origin of exotic matter and the frequently inexplicable enormous radial tension at the throat.

Notes on hyperloops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Chern-Simons-matter theories

We present new circular Wilson loops in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 quiver Chern-Simons-matter theory on S3. At any given node of the quiver, a two-parameter family of operators can be obtained by opportunely deforming the 1/4 BPS Gaiotto-Yin loop. Including then adjacent nodes, the coupling to the bifundamental matter fields allows to enlarge this family and to construct loop operators based on superconnections. We discuss their classification, which depends on both discrete data and continuous parameters subject to an identification. The resulting moduli spaces are conical manifolds, similar to the conifold of the 1/6 BPS loops of the ABJ(M) theory.

Paradigma Kepemimpinan Transformatif Menuju Madrasah Unggulan

The concept of leadership is still developing from time to time. Leadership theory also continues to evolve to find the most effective form of leadership in organizational management. In the 1980s, transformative leadership was born and is often referred to as an effective leadership model. In its preparation, this leadership concept uses a leader-follower perspective. Transformative leadership is claimed to be the most effective leadership pattern, which can achieve the main goals. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with library research methods, and analyzed using the theory of "paradigm" by Thomas Kuhn. This research is basically to reveal: 1. What is the transformative leadership paradigm? 2. How is the application of transformative leadership in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah? This study aimed to analyze the transformative leadership paradigm using the theory of Thomas Kuhn and initiating the application of transformative leadership in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and resulting in the following conclusions: 1. Transformative leadership paradigm in terms of exemplar aspects, subject matter, theory, and method. 2. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, which uses a transformative leadership management paradigm, always develops idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. Transformative leadership is very relevant to be applied in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to create Effective and Excellent Madrasahs.

Penggunaan Model SOLE untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Daring Peserta Didik Materi Teori Kinetik Gas

Aktivitas belajar daring peserta didik masih belum maksimal. Peserta didik mengalami komunikasi tidak efektif dengan guru mata pelajaran. Masalah tersebut mengakibatkan, peserta didik belum merasakan kenyamanan dalam belajar daring, tidak bisa menanyakan langsung materi pelajaran yang belum dipahaminya, serta tidak memperoleh penjelasan langsung dari guru mata pelajaran karena terkendala gawai dan jaringan internet. Oleh karena itu, guru perlu mengubah cara mengajarnya agar hasil belajar peserta didik tercapai. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan model SOLE agar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar daring peserta didik SMAN 1 Satui pada materi teori kinetik gas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Satui dengan jumlah peserta didik 29 orang. Adapun instrumen penelitian berupa observasi dan tes yang diberikan oleh guru mata pelajaran fisika pada saat pembelajaran di google classroom. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui 2 tahap yaitu penskoran danpersentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di dapat peningkatan aktivitas belajar 5% dan hasil belajarnya 82 % dengan nilai 100. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran SOLE dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar belajar daring peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Satui pada mata pelajaran fisika pokok bahasan teori kinetik gas semester1 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Students' online learning activities are still not optimal. Students experience ineffective communication with subject teachers. This problem results in students not being comfortable learning online, not asking directly about subject matter that they do not understand, and not getting direct explanations from the subject teacher due to constraints and the internet network. Therefore, teachers need to change the way they teach so that student learning outcomes are achieved. This research aims to describe the use of the SOLE model to improve the online learning outcomes of students of SMAN 1 Satui on the kinetic theory of gas. This type of research is classroom action research. The research subjects were students of class XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Satui with 29 students. The physics subject teacher gave the research instruments in the form of observations and tests when learning in Google Classroom. The data analysis technique was carried out in 2 stages, namely scoring and percentage. Based on this research, learning activities can increase 5% and learning outcomes 82%, with a value of 100. Thus, it can be concluded that the SOLE learning model can increase students' activities and learning outcomes in class XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Satui in physics subject matter theory kinetic gas semester one the academic year 2020/2021.