scholarly journals Investigation of Methods to Extract Fetal Electrocardiogram from the Mother’s Abdominal Signal in Practical Scenarios

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sadaf Sarafan ◽  
Tai Le ◽  
Amir Mohammad Naderi ◽  
Quoc-Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Brandon Tiang-Yu Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiogram ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Maternal Monitoring ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Extraction Scheme ◽  
Fetal Wellbeing

Monitoring of fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) would provide useful information about fetal wellbeing as well as any abnormal development during pregnancy. Recent advances in flexible electronics and wearable technologies have enabled compact devices to acquire personal physiological signals in the home setting, including those of expectant mothers. However, the high noise level in the daily life renders long-entrenched challenges to extract fECG from the combined fetal/maternal ECG signal recorded in the abdominal area of the mother. Thus, an efficient fECG extraction scheme is a dire need. In this work, we intensively explored various extraction algorithms, including template subtraction (TS), independent component analysis (ICA), and extended Kalman filter (EKF) using the data from the PhysioNet 2013 Challenge. Furthermore, the modified data with Gaussian and motion noise added, mimicking a practical scenario, were utilized to examine the performance of algorithms. Finally, we combined different algorithms together, yielding promising results, with the best performance in the F1 score of 92.61% achieved by an algorithm combining ICA and TS. With the data modified by adding different types of noise, the combination of ICA–TS–ICA showed the highest F1 score of 85.4%. It should be noted that these combined approaches required higher computational complexity, including execution time and allocated memory compared with other methods. Owing to comprehensive examination through various evaluation metrics in different extraction algorithms, this study provides insights into the implementation and operation of state-of-the-art fetal and maternal monitoring systems in the era of mobile health.

scholarly journals Chorioangioma: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Panat
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Laser Coagulation ◽  
Fetal Anemia ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Feeding Vessels ◽  
Fetal Wellbeing

Abstract Chorioangiomas are benign tumors of the placenta, characterised by AV shunting within placenta leading to fetal anemia, cardiomegaly and hydrops. Maternal complications are also known as polyhydramnios, APH and Mirror syndrome. They are seen after 20 weeks, and most of them remain small and are asymptomatic. Large ones (> 4 cm) can create complications for the fetus and expectant mothers. The proximity of the chorioangioma to the placental cord insertion site and its size determines prognosis. Prenatal therapy in the form of interventions like direct injections of various chemicals and laser coagulation of the tumor’s feeding vessels are described in the literature. Conservative management may also be offered in certain circumstances. We report a case of large Chorioangioma managed conservatively. Early diagnosis was made, patient counseling followed by close surveillance with Doppler, MCA PSV was done for fetal wellbeing. The timely intervention led to good neonatal and maternal outcome aided with NICU management.

scholarly journals Regulating labour dispatch in China: A cat-and-mouse game

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xiaojun
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Different Types

This article suggests cautious optimism toward the prevailing Polanyian countermovement discourse by providing a timely and comprehensive examination of the enforcement of the labour dispatch regulation in China. Since the enactment of the regulation, some enterprises have narrowed the remuneration gap between agency workers and formal employees, while others have retained a large gap in overtime pay, bonuses, and welfare benefits between these two groups of workers. The regulation has reduced the number of agency workers, but has invoked the abuse of the more precarious ‘outsourced’ workers as well. The regulation has had little effect on limiting the use of agency labour to temporary, auxiliary, or substitute positions, raising the requirements of engaging in the labour dispatch business, or stabilizing the employment of agency workers. This article contributes to the extant literature on regulatory enforcement by examining the effects of non-standard employment regulation, highlighting the variance of labour law compliance among enterprises with different types of ownership, and demonstrating how China’s ongoing transformation from a planned to a market economy since the 1980s and from high growth to a new normal since 2010 has fundamentally constrained the full implementation of its labour protection regulation.

Treatment strategy for patients with ectodermal dysplasia

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Martin ◽  
Nicholas Tselios ◽  
Mark S. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Ectodermal Dysplasias ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽  
Hereditary Condition

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary condition characterized by abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and the stomatognathic system. There are many different types of ectodermal dysplasia of which X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is the most common. Multiple genes have been discovered to cause ectodermal dysplasias. With any form of ED, children may display a range of symptoms and challenging rehabilitation. This clinical report presents the treatment plan for a young patient with ED and anodontia requiring prosthetic restoration. J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 113-118,2005

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman V. Kapustin ◽  
Olga N. Arzhanova ◽  
Alena V. Tiselko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in embryo development, implantation, placentation, fetal development and labour. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increase in OS processes. However, the expression of OS biomarkers in pregnant women with DM remains unclear. Based on a literature review, the features of the pro- and anti-oxidant systems of pregnant women with different types of DM have been established. Pregnancy in patients with DM has been shown to be characterised by an activation of OS processes. This leads to an overexpression of free radicals (peroxynitrite), toxic derivatives (malonic dialdehyde, 8-isoprostane) and specific enzymes (asymmetric dimethylarginine, catalase) and a decrease in the synthesis of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and uric acid). The modified expression of these biomarkers is observed both in the blood and the placenta of pregnant women. These disorders can cause an unfavourable course of pregnancy, abnormal development of the placenta and development of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with DM. Nevertheless, given the inconsistency of data obtained, further scientific studies are needed to clarify this issue.

scholarly journals FLEXIBLE AND BIODEGRADABLE SENSORS: MATERIALS, MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES ON ITS BASIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav A. Lapshuda ◽  
Viktoriia M. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Flexible Sensors ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Flexible Electronic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Electronic Sensors

Background. Currently, there is a significant number of technologies and materials in the world that are used to manufacture flexible electronics devices. Therefore, a review of various technologies and materials for the manufacture of flexible sensors, which would not be inferior in terms of sensitivity to their solid-state counterparts, is in demand. In addition, most modern flexible electronics technologies are based on the use of artificial polymers, the production of which pollutes the environment and which need to be disposed of at the end of its service life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an alternative to artificial polymers, environmentally friendly material. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to determine design and technological features of manufacturing and application of flexible and biodegradable electronic sensors. Methods. The article analyses, classifies and compares different technologies and materials for the manufacture of flexible sensors, which would not be inferior to their solid-state counterparts in terms of sensitivity. The technological features of synthesis and the main characteristics of flexible sensors made on the basis of artificial and biodegradable materials were also compared in the paper. Results. The design and technological features of manufacturing as well as application of flexible electronic sensors in comparison with their solid-state analogues were determined in the paper. Three groups of substrate materials that can be used for the synthesis of flexible sensors have been identified and their performance characteristics analysed. A comparison of different production techniques for flexible electronic sensors in terms of environmental friendliness, cost and manufacturability is carried out. Conclusions. The most promising biodegradable material, on the surface of which one can create a flexible sensor, is nanocellulose. Different types of printing are the most promising production technique for the manufacture of such devices, because they are cheap and can provide high productivity. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to improve the existing and develop new methods of creating flexible electronics devices that do not require recycling.

scholarly journals Simulation of Signal Processing Scheme for Fiber Optic Rotationary Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 596-601
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Rate ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Rotation Sensor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extraction Scheme ◽  
And Control

Fiber optic revolving sensor is a significant improvement in the field of inertial sensors and it is presently considered as an elective innovation to mechanical and ring laser whirligigs for the inertial route and control applications. Fiber optic turn sensor is chipping away at the standard of Sagnac impact, which expresses that an optical way distinction incited by counter spreading bars in a pivoting reference outline is corresponding to the outright revolution. The sensors output is a cosine function of rotation rate. The rotation rate extraction scheme deals with problems of power variations of source and ambiguity at directions. Fiber optic rotation sensors can be classified into two different types  Open-loop fiber-optic rotation sensors  Closed-loop fiber optic rotation sensors When considered both the types, closed loop fiber-optic rotation sensors are generally more stable than open loop fiberoptic rotation sensors. Even closed loop fiber optic sensors can be implemented in a simpler way compared to the open loop fiber optic rotation sensor. So in order to overcome these problems, a modification of the harmonic division algorithm is to be developed with which open loop fiber optic rotation sensor is made more stable and likewise less difficult for execution than the first one. At the point when the simple sign is appropriately examined and quantized, the presentation of the calculation achieves that of fiber optic revolving sensors and the usage of this calculation should be possible by utilizing off-the-rack part, and henceforth does not require a coordinated optics circuit.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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