Pest Management and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes: A Review

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic member of ochratoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. The most relevant species involved in OTA production in grapes is Aspergillus carbonarius. Berry infection by A. carbonarius is enhanced by damage to the skin caused by abiotic and biotic factors. Insect pests play a major role in European vineyards, and Lepidopteran species such as the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana are undoubtedly crucial. New scenarios are also emerging due to the introduction and spread of allochthonous pests as well as climate change. Such pests may be involved in the dissemination of OTA producing fungi even if confirmation is still lacking and further studies are needed. An OTA predicting model is available, but it should be integrated with models aimed at forecasting L. botrana phenology and demography in order to improve model reliability.

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Comparative effect of different insecticides on the growth and yield of soybeans

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/77/2019-pps ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 206-213

Author(s):

Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana ◽

Bishnu Adhikari ◽

Arjun Adhikari ◽

Il-Doo Kim ◽

Jeong-Ho Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Comparative Effect ◽

Branch Number ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Growing Environment ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽

Pod Number

The yield of soybeans, an economically important crop worldwide, is substantially reduced by different abiotic and biotic factors, including insect pests. Different insecticides are applied to control soybean insect pests. The application of insecticides may also affect the plants along with the pests. The effects of four insecticides (fenitrothion, etofenprox, thiamethoxam, and lambda-cyhalothrin-cum-thiamethoxam; LT) on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars over two years were investigated. The plant height (PH), pod number, shoot dry matter without seed (SDWS), total shoot dry matter, seed yield per plant (SYP), harvest index (HI), and hundred-seed weight significantly varied with the insecticides. However, the primary branch number was not significantly affected by the insecticides. Significant interactions between the year and insecticide, except for the SDWS and HI, indicated that the growing environment also affected the influence of the insecticides. The PH was significantly tall in the thiamethoxam (50.07 cm) and short for the LT (46.66 cm) application. The SYP was significantly high for the LT (20.51 g) and low for the fenitrothion (11.51 g). This study showed that the type of insecticide could significantly affect the plant growth and yield of the soybean.

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Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the incidence of major insect pests of tomato

Annals of Horticulture ◽

10.5958/0976-4623.2016.00039.6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Rohit Bhati ◽

Shailendra Singh Gaurav ◽

Rajendra Singh ◽

B. Singh ◽

Aakansha Goswami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors

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A novel set of microsatellite markers for the European Grapevine Moth Lobesia botrana isolated using next-generation sequencing and their utility for genetic characterization of populations from Europe and the Middle East

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485315000267 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 408-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Reineke ◽

H.A. Assaf ◽

D. Kulanek ◽

N. Mori ◽

A. Pozzebon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Null Alleles ◽

Microsatellite Motif ◽

European Grapevine Moth ◽

Grapevine Moth

AbstractUsing a high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing approach a novel set of microsatellite markers was developed for one of the key grapevine insect pests, the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). 20 primer pairs flanking a microsatellite motif were designed based on the sequences obtained and were subsequently evaluated in a sample of 14 L. botrana populations from Europe and the Middle East. 11 markers showed stable and reproducible amplification patterns; however, one of the 11 markers was monomorphic in all L. botrana populations analysed. Estimated frequencies of null alleles of more than 20% were evident for two of the markers tested, but varied substantially depending on the respective L. botrana population. In 12 of the 14 L. botrana populations observed heterozygosities were lower to those expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, indicating a deficiency of heterozygotes in the respective populations. The overall FST value of 0.075 suggested a moderate but significant genetic differentiation between the L. botrana populations included in this study. In addition, a clear geographic structure was detected in the set of samples, evident through a significant isolation by distance and through results from structure analysis. In structure analysis, L. botrana populations were grouped in two clearly separated clusters according to their European (Spain, Italy, Germany) or Middle Eastern (Israel, Syria, Turkey) origin. This novel set of microsatellite markers can now be applied to study the evolutionary ecology of this species including host shifts and host adaptation as well as spread of individuals across worldwide viticulture.

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Effects of abiotic and biotic factors on Vibrio harveyi ATCC 14126T survival dynamics in seawater microcosms

Aquatic Microbial Ecology ◽

10.3354/ame01910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Orruño ◽

C Parada ◽

E Ogayar ◽

VR Kaberdin ◽

I Arana

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors

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Role of Some Neosynthesized Styryl Heterocycles in Ochratoxin A Control in Aspergillus carbonarius

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272820666160421150917 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 2029-2035 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Antonioletti ◽

Angela Viglianti ◽

Stefano Cristofoli ◽

Alessandra Ricelli

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aspergillus Carbonarius

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Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Marius Bredon ◽

Elisabeth Depuydt ◽

Lucas Brisson ◽

Laurent Moulin ◽

Ciriac Charles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crucial Role ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Dietary Manipulation ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽

And Function ◽

Multicellular Organisms ◽

Over Time

The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.

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Grape variety affects larval performance and also female reproductive performance of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2005417 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 205-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

J. Moreau ◽

B. Benrey ◽

D. Thiéry

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Larval Performance ◽

European Grapevine Moth ◽

Wild Grape ◽

Larval Host ◽

Fitness Index ◽

Grapevine Moth

AbstractFor insect herbivores, the quality of the larval host plant is a key determinant of fitness. Therefore, insect populations are supposed to be positively correlated with the nutritional quality of their host plant. This study aimed to determine if and how different varieties of grapes (including the wild grape Lambrusque) affect both larval and adult performance of the polyphagous European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). Significant differences were found in larval development time, but not in pupal mass, adult emergence rate, or sex ratio. Although the fecundity of females is not different among varieties, females fed on some varieties produced eggs of different sizes which are correlated to their fertility. Thus, females adapt resource allocation to eggs depending on their diet as larvae. Using a fitness index, the average reproductive output was found to be highest for females reared on cv. Chardonnay. Females reared on wild grape produced a fitness index identical to the cultivated grapes. However, Lambrusque and Gewurztraminer separate themselves from the cultivated varieties according to our discriminant analyses. It is emphasized, through this study, that cultivars fed on by larvae should be considered in the population dynamics of L. botrana and that egg number is insufficient to determine host plant quality.

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