scholarly journals Identification of Fish Species and Toxins Implicated in a Snapper Food Poisoning Event in Sabah, Malaysia, 2017

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Ha Viet Dao ◽  
Aya Uesugi ◽  
Hajime Uchida ◽  
Ryuichi Watanabe ◽  
Ryoji Matsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Commercially Important

In the coastal countries of Southeast Asia, fish is a staple diet and certain fish species are food delicacies to local populations or commercially important to individual communities. Although there have been several suspected cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Southeast Asian countries, few have been confirmed by ciguatoxins identification, resulting in limited information for the correct diagnosis of this food-borne disease. In the present study, ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B) in red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) implicated in a CFP case in Sabah, Malaysia, in December 2017 was determined by single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Continuous consumption of the toxic fish likely resulted in CFP, even when the toxin concentration in the fish consumed was low. The identification of the fish species was performed using the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene marker, with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lutjanus. This is the first report identifying the causative toxin in fish-implicated CFP in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Identification of Causative Ciguatoxins in Red Snappers Lutjanus bohar Implicated in Ciguatera Fish Poisonings in Vietnam

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Ha ◽  
Aya Uesugi ◽  
Hajime Uchida ◽  
Pham Ky ◽  
Dang Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Exact Mass ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Lutjanus Bohar

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a type of food poisoning caused by the consumption of a variety of toxic ciguatera fish species in the tropical and subtropical waters. Although there have been a large number of suspected CFP cases in the Southeast Asian countries, few were confirmed with causative ciguatoxins (CTXs), and reliable information on the symptoms still remains rather limited. In the present study, CTXs in red snapper Lutjanus bohar, implicated in two suspected CFP cases in Vietnam in 2014 and 2016, were determined by use of the single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B), 54-deoxyCTX-1B, and 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX-1B were detected in the red snapper by our LC/MS method. Moreover, CTX-1B, 54-deoxyCTX-1B, and 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX-1B were further identified by the time of flight (TOF) LC/MS with the exact mass spectrum. The CTX profile of the red snapper in Vietnam is similar to those of ciguatera fish from Australia, Okinawa Islands in Japan, Kiribati, and Hong Kong. This is the first comprehensive report unambiguously identifying the causative toxins in fish implicated with reliable information on the poisoning symptoms in CFP in Vietnam and/or Southeast Asian countries.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of staphylococcus aureus from two large-scale food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Lam Quoc Hung ◽  
◽  
Huong Minh Nguyen ◽  
Ta Thi Yen ◽  
Le Vinh Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Spa Type

In Vietnam and around the world, Staphylococcus aureus remains a major hazard of food safety and food poisoning. S. aureus is present in many places and easily contaminates food production during processing chains. In this study, we successfully isolated S. aureus strains from suspected samples of two food borne poisoning outbreaks in Ha Giang and Vinh Phuc in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The collected samples were examined for presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by using 3MTMTECRATM Staph Enterotoxin kit, from there all the samples were positive with SEs. Different strains of S. aureus were isolated and then confirmed by MALDI-TOF technique. Those strains then were stored in Brain heart solution with 15% glycerol until further analysis. Our results identified three STs, ST96, ST88 (spa type t7558), and ST72 (spa type t3092), were responsible for two outbreaks. Two virulence genes detected from the above strains were sea and sec. Furthermore, these strains are test for antibiotic resistance susceptibility with commonly antibiotics. Penicillin are found to be resisted by all three STs, in particularly, ST96 and ST88 are both resistant to erythromycin while ST72 is resistant to gentamicin. Taken together, our study highlights the usefulness of molecular characterization to study and monitor bacterial pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Characterization of IgG and IgE Binding to Parvalbumin Derived from Commercially Important Fish Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. AB32-AB32
Author(s):  
P. Lee ◽  
J.A. Nordlee ◽  
S.J. Koppelman ◽  
J.L. Baumert ◽  
S.L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Important Fish

scholarly journals Innovative Application of Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Involved in Food Poisoning Outbreaks

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne ◽  
Virginie Brun ◽  
Marie-Laure De Buyser ◽  
Alain Dupuis ◽  
Annick Ostyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Common Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal poisoning is a common food-borne disease for which immunoassays to detect enterotoxins were developed, but these assays often lead to false diagnoses due to interferences or lack of specificity. Absolute quantitative mass spectrometry was for the first time successfully applied to an investigation of a staphylococcal outbreak due to coconut pearls.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens Spore Germination: Characterization of Germinants and Their Receptors

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Paredes-Sabja ◽  
J. Antonio Torres ◽  
Peter Setlow ◽  
Mahfuzur R. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Auxiliary Role

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused by type A isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene (C-cpe), while C. perfringens-associated non-food-borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are caused by isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene (P-cpe). C. perfringens spores are thought to be the important infectious cell morphotype, and after inoculation into a suitable host, these spores must germinate and return to active growth to cause GI disease. We have found differences in the germination of spores of C-cpe and P-cpe isolates in that (i) while a mixture of l-asparagine and KCl was a good germinant for spores of C-cpe and P-cpe isolates, KCl and, to a lesser extent, l-asparagine triggered spore germination in C-cpe isolates only; and (ii) l-alanine or l-valine induced significant germination of spores of P-cpe but not C-cpe isolates. Spores of a gerK mutant of a C-cpe isolate in which two of the proteins of a spore nutrient germinant receptor were absent germinated slower than wild-type spores with KCl, did not germinate with l-asparagine, and germinated poorly compared to wild-type spores with the nonnutrient germinants dodecylamine and a 1:1 chelate of Ca2+ and dipicolinic acid. In contrast, spores of a gerAA mutant of a C-cpe isolate that lacked another component of a nutrient germinant receptor germinated at the same rate as that of wild-type spores with high concentrations of KCl, although they germinated slightly slower with a lower KCl concentration, suggesting an auxiliary role for GerAA in C. perfringens spore germination. In sum, this study identified nutrient germinants for spores of both C-cpe and P-cpe isolates of C. perfringens and provided evidence that proteins encoded by the gerK operon are required for both nutrient-induced and non-nutrient-induced spore germination.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Humans with Sporadic Diarrhea: Evidence for Transcriptional Regulation of the Beta2-Toxin-Encoding Gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8362-8370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Harrison ◽  
Deepa Raju ◽  
Helen S. Garmory ◽  
Moira M. Brett ◽  
Richard W. Titball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Type A ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Beta2 Toxin

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens type A food poisoning is caused by C. perfringens isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe), while non-food-borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and sporadic diarrhea (SD), are caused by C. perfringens plasmid cpe isolates. A recent study reported the association of beta2 toxin (CPB2) with human GI diseases, and particularly AAD/SD, by demonstrating that a large percentage of AAD/SD isolates, in contrast to a small percentage of food poisoning isolates, carry the beta2-toxin gene (cpb2). This putative relationship was further tested in the current study by characterizing 14 cpe + C. perfringens fecal isolates associated with recent cases of human SD in England (referred to hereafter as SD isolates). These SD isolates were all classified as cpe + type A, and 12 of the 14 cpe + isolates carry their cpe gene on the plasmid and 2 carry it on the chromosome. Interestingly, cpb2 is present in only 12 plasmid cpe isolates; 11 isolates carry cpe and cpb2 on different plasmids, but cpe and cpb2 are located on the same plasmid in one isolate. C. perfringens enterotoxin is produced by all 14 cpe + SD isolates. However, only 10 of the 12 cpe +/cpb2 + SD isolates produced CPB2, with significant variation in amounts. The levels of cpb2 mRNA in low- to high-CPB2-producing SD isolates differed to such an extent (30-fold) that this difference could be considered a major cause of the differential level of CPB2 production in vitro by SD isolates. Furthermore, no silent or atypical cpb2 was found in a CPB2 Western blot-negative isolate, 5422/94, suggesting that the lack of CPB2 production in 5422/94 was due to low expression of cpb2 mRNA. This received support from our observation that the recombinant plasmid carrying 5422/94 cpb2, which overexpressed cpb2 mRNA, restored CPB2 production in F4969 (a cpb2-negative isolate). Collectively, our present results suggest that CPB2 merits further study as an accessory toxin in C. perfringens-associated SD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Enterotoxin Gene-Carrying Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Retail Meat Products in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 5366-5372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Miki ◽  
Kazuaki Miyamoto ◽  
Ikuko Kaneko-Hirano ◽  
Kanako Fujiuchi ◽  
Shigeru Akimoto
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Meat Samples

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic pathogen causing food-borne gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in humans and animals. It is thought that C. perfringens food poisoning isolates typically carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) on their chromosome, while isolates from other GI diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, carry cpe on a transferable plasmid. However, food-borne GI disease outbreaks associated with C. perfringens isolates carrying plasmid-borne cpe (plasmid cpe isolates) were recently reported in Japan and Europe. To investigate whether retail food can be a reservoir for food poisoning generally, we evaluated Japanese retail meat products for the presence of two genotypes of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Our results demonstrated that approximately 70% of the Japanese retail raw meat samples tested were contaminated with low numbers of C. perfringens bacteria and 4% were contaminated with cpe-positive C. perfringens. Most of the cpe-positive C. perfringens isolates obtained from Japanese retail meat carried cpe on a plasmid. The plasmid cpe isolates exhibited lower spore heat resistance than did chromosomal cpe isolates. Collectively, these plasmid cpe isolates might be causative agents of food poisoning when foods are contaminated with these isolates from equipment and/or the environment after cooking, or they may survive in food that has not been cooked at a high enough temperature.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of staphylococcus aureus from two large-scale food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Lam Quoc Hung ◽  
◽  
Huong Minh Nguyen ◽  
Ta Thi Yen ◽  
Le Vinh Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Spa Type

In Vietnam and around the world, Staphylococcus aureus remains a major hazard of food safety and food poisoning. S. aureus is present in many places and easily contaminates food production during processing chains. In this study, we successfully isolated S. aureus strains from suspected samples of two food borne poisoning outbreaks in Ha Giang and Vinh Phuc in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The collected samples were examined for presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by using 3MTMTECRATM Staph Enterotoxin kit, from there all the samples were positive with SEs. Different strains of S. aureus were isolated and then confirmed by MALDI-TOF technique. Those strains then were stored in Brain heart solution with 15% glycerol until further analysis. Our results identified three STs, ST96, ST88 (spa type t7558), and ST72 (spa type t3092), were responsible for two outbreaks. Two virulence genes detected from the above strains were sea and sec. Furthermore, these strains are test for antibiotic resistance susceptibility with commonly antibiotics. Penicillin are found to be resisted by all three STs, in particularly, ST96 and ST88 are both resistant to erythromycin while ST72 is resistant to gentamicin. Taken together, our study highlights the usefulness of molecular characterization to study and monitor bacterial pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam.

Phylogeny Characterization of Seb Gene Encoding Enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk and Cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima N. Aziz ◽  
Laith Abdul Hassan Mohammed-Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Gene Encoding

Food poisoning due to the bacteria is a big global problem in economically and human's health. This problem refers to an illness which is due to infection or the toxin exists in nature and the food that use. Milk is considered a nutritious food because it contains proteins and vitamins. The aim of this study is to detect and phylogeny characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene (Seb). A total of 200 milk and cheese samples were screened. One hundred ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus pre-confirmed using selective and differential media with biochemical tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates and the SEB gene detects using conventional PCR with specific primers. Three staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be positive for Seb gene using PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Sequence homology showed variety range of identity starting from (100% to 38%). Phylogenetic tree analyses show that samples (6 and 5) are correlated with S. epidermidis. This study discovered that isolates (A6-RLQ and A5-RLQ) are significantly clustered in a group with non- human pathogen Staphylococcus agnetis.

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