POLITICAL AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS IDEAL DETERMINATION ROLE FOR MODERN WORLD DEVELOPMENT

Произошедший в социальных науках идеационный поворот способствовал усилению внимания к идеям и повышению их роли в самых различных процессах. Несмотря на отмеченную тенденцию большинство отечественных исследователей до сих склоняются к материальным интерпретациям, отводя идеям в лучшем случае вспомогательную роль. Обращение внимания к идейной детерминации институциональных преобразований в политико-правовой сфере представляет чрезвычайную значимость по ряду причин: (1) данные институты до сих пор занимают ведущее место среди прочих установлений, предлагая надежные объяснения развития конкретных обществ; (2) интеллектуальные ресурсы в контексте современного мира обладают несомненными преимуществами перед материальными условиями, поскольку сегодня далеко не всегда ресурсное изобилие коррелирует с эволюционной траекторией развития государств; (3) идеи трансграничны и трансисторичны, а содержащиеся в них смыслы легко операционализируются и адаптируются под необходимые реалии. Настоящая статья посвящена прикладному значению идей, которые воплощаются в политико-правовых институциональных формах как решающих структурах мирового развития. Обоснована значимость идей в контексте современного мира. Показано, что критическое отношение к односторонним концепциям позволяет создавать альтернативные сценарии мирового развития. Выявлена значимость учета адаптации содержания интеллектуальных конструктов для политико-правовых институтов в их взаимосвязи с последствиями для других сфер общественной жизни. В логике авторского подхода рассмотрены примеры идейной детерминации политико-правовых институциональных преобразований с учетом ведущих мегатрендов современности. Актуализирован междисциплинарный поиск в прикладных контекстах как ведущее направление сегодняшней социальной философии. Приведены соображения по поводу поливариантности мирового развития и необходимости адаптации конфигураций передовых идей под множественные цивилизационные геномы, что позволяет исключить устаревшую дихотомию «Запад - Незапад». В заключение обобщаются основные выводы и подводятся итоги исследования. The ideational turn that has taken place in the social sciences has contributed to an increased attention to ideas and an increase in their role in a variety of processes. Despite the noted tendency, the majority of Russian researchers are still inclined towards material interpretations, assigning ideas, at best, to an auxiliary role. Paying attention to the ideological determination of institutional transformations in the political and legal sphere is of extreme importance for a number of reasons: (1) these institutions still occupy a leading place among other institutions, offering reliable explanations for the development of specific societies; (2) intellectual resources in the context of the modern world have undoubted advantages over material conditions, since today resource abundance does not always correlate with the evolutionary trajectory of development of states; (3) ideas are transboundary and transhistorical, and the meanings contained in them are easily operationalized and adapted to the necessary realities. This article is devoted to the applied meaning of ideas that are embodied in political and legal institutional forms as decisive structures of world development. The significance of ideas in the context of the modern world has been substantiated. It is shown that a critical attitude to one-sided concepts allows one to create alternative scenarios of world development. Revealed the importance of taking into account the adaptation of the content of intellectual constructs for political and legal institutions in their relationship with the consequences for other spheres of public life. In the logic of the author's approach, examples of ideological determination of political and legal institutional transformations are considered, taking into account the leading megatrends of our time. The interdisciplinary search in applied contexts as the leading direction of today's social philosophy has been updated. Considerations are given about the polyvariety of world development and the need to adapt the configurations of advanced ideas for multiple civilizational genomes, which makes it possible to exclude the outdated dichotomy «West-Non-West». In conclusion, the main findings are summarized and the results of the study are summed up.

LaCl3 Treatment Improves the Agrobacterium-mediated Immature Embryo Genetic Transformation Efficiency in Maize

Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of immature embryo plays an important auxiliary role in the study of gene function and molecular breeding in maize. However, the relatively low genetic transformation efficiency is still the bottleneck of the application of this method, especially in commercial scale production application. In this study, we found that pretreatment of immature embryos with LaCl 3 , a Ca 2+ channel blocker, could improve the infection efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens , increase the proportion of resistant calluses, obtain more positive regenerated plantlets, and finally improve the transformation efficiency in maize. This optimization provides a new direction for improving the efficiency of plant genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens .

Unwinding of a DNA replication fork by a hexameric viral helicase

Hexameric helicases are motor proteins that unwind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) during DNA replication but how they are optimised for strand separation is unclear. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the full-length E1 helicase from papillomavirus, revealing all arms of a bound DNA replication fork and their interactions with the helicase. The replication fork junction is located at the entrance to the helicase collar ring, that sits above the AAA + motor assembly. dsDNA is escorted to and the 5´ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) away from the unwinding point by the E1 dsDNA origin binding domains. The 3´ ssDNA interacts with six spirally-arranged β-hairpins and their cyclical top-to-bottom movement pulls the ssDNA through the helicase. Pulling of the RF against the collar ring separates the base-pairs, while modelling of the conformational cycle suggest an accompanying movement of the collar ring has an auxiliary role, helping to make efficient use of ATP in duplex unwinding.

ASSIGNMENT OF THE FORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF EMPHASIS IN THE FOREIGN AUDIENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

Free operation of verbs, which provide the processes of cognition of the medical student, is based on knowledge of their semantics, grammatical design and prosodic features. An important part of learning a new language is always its orthoepic characteristics. Assimilation of accentual norms is complicated by the mobile and free nature of accent in East Slavic languages. Emphasis mobility can be the only marker of grammatical meaning presentation in cases of form homography. The basis of success in developing the skills of using verb forms of the form can be linguistic-methodical forecasting and selection of language tools taking into account the profile of learning. The aim of the article was to describe the features of the formative role of emphasis in the presentation of the grammatical category of the verb, which should be considered in the process of teaching foreign medical students to prevent communicative failures in medicine and home. The article demonstrates how to achieve communicative competence in the audience offuture doctors, practicing the skills of accentuation of species oppositions in the study of actions with objects in different physical states. Particular attention is paid to work with polysemantic verbs such as vysypat - vysypat. Adherence to the principle of text-centricity in learning helps to combine tasks of semantic, grammatical and accentological order, which contributes to the expansion of student knowledge in all three aspects. A number of homograph verbs have been proposed for work in a foreign audience, in which the emphasis has become a grammatical way of conveying the species meaning not only in the infinitive, but also in the whole paradigm. A group of verbs is indicated in which only certain grammatical forms are distinguished by means of stress, and not all forms of the paradigm of different types of verbs. The auxiliary role of accentuation in speciation is considered, which complements affixation as the main way of perfection. Methodological developments are most expediently directed at the synthesis of grammatical, semantic, word-formation and accentuation aspects in the selection of specific text material on the topics of classes.

“Our One Great Hope”: The Interdependence of the Woman’s Relief Corps and the Grand Army of the Republic

The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) played a critical role in the lives of many Union veterans after the Civil War. Its efforts were supported by its women’s auxiliary, the Woman’s Relief Corps (WRC). Yet scholars do not know much about the evolution of the relationship between the rising WRC and the slowly declining GAR, whose members were dying away in the early 20th century. Here, we evaluate state-level membership and local group data for both associations to determine the nature of their connection from 1884 to 1924. The evidence reveals that the WRC’s auxiliary role helped sustain the GAR while providing an organizational structure that allowed women to chart an independent course.

Advanced Psychodrama Directing

Advanced psychodrama directing techniques are presented in this chapter. These advanced interventions offer a depiction of the level of clinical sophistication demonstrated by expert psychodrama directors. The awareness of group sociometry within the psychodrama enactment is described while portraying the multiple layers of object relations activated for participants in a psychodrama session. Advanced techniques for involving audience group members and deepening the emotional involvement of auxiliary role players are discussed. Also included in this chapter are an overview of clinical role assignments, facilitating moments of multiple protagonists, and constructively using projective identification in the group process. Content from the Therapeutic Spiral Model is offered, specifically the practice of prescribing strengths-based roles and considerations for safely facilitating scenes with trauma-based roles. Multiple strategies are offered for de-roling when more emotionally charged roles are played by group members.

Research on the Effective Application of Micro Class in College Physical Education

"Ten year development plan of educational informatization (2010-2020)" emphasizes the need to further promote the integration of modern information technology and education and teaching, give full play to the auxiliary role of information technology, and guide students to carry out inquiry, autonomous and participatory learning. Compared with other disciplines, physical education, as a course based on practice and needs theoretical support, has a strong normative, complex and procedural nature. The deep integration of physical education and micro class can highlight the educational wisdom of physical education curriculum, enable students to establish the awareness of lifelong sports, and promote their all-round development of physical and mental health. This paper discusses the effective use of micro class in college physical education, analyzes the problems existing in College Physical Education at this stage, and puts forward reasonable solutions to provide valuable references for more educators.

Natural Conditioning of the Spiritual Life: A Contribution to Methodological Reflection

The spiritual life constitutes an integral experience of any person being led by the Holy Spirit toward full communion with God. It is never something abstract, divorced from Sitz im Leben, in either the psychological aspect or the socio-cultural dimension, thus it always bears certain signs of one’s temperament, environment, and history. The present paper proposes a methodology of research into the natural basis of the spiritual life (psychological and socio-cultural), which influences the way God’s grace is received and experienced. The natural structures of the spiritual life constitute the ground, which is submitted to God’s salvific action and bears fruit in various forms. The description of the spiritual life demands the use of the appropriate methodology, which can be based on the combination of the doctrinal-sapiential (deductive) approach and the existential-anthropological (inductive) approach. An important auxiliary role in the description of the spiritual phenomenon can be played by psychological methods, for instance those that derive from the psycho-biographical approach, which allows us to capture what is unique in human functioning.

The Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Insulators in the Genomes of Higher Eukaryotes

The mechanisms underlying long-range interactions between chromatin regions and the principles of chromosomal architecture formation are currently under extensive scrutiny. A special class of regulatory elements known as insulators is believed to be involved in the regulation of specific long-range interactions between enhancers and promoters. This review focuses on the insulators of Drosophila and mammals, and it also briefly characterizes the proteins responsible for their functional activity. It was initially believed that the main properties of insulators are blocking of enhancers and the formation of independent transcription domains. We present experimental data proving that the chromatin loops formed by insulators play only an auxiliary role in enhancer blocking. The review also discusses the mechanisms involved in the formation of topologically associating domains and their role in the formation of the chromosomal architecture and regulation of gene transcription.