scholarly journals Using On-Farm Monitoring of Ergovaline and Tall Fescue Composition for Horse Pasture Management

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Krista La Moen Lea ◽  
S. Ray Smith
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
The University ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Improved Pasture

Central Kentucky horse pastures contain significant populations of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea (Schreb.) Dumort) infected with an endophyte (Epichloë coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Bacon and Schardl) known to produce several ergot alkaloids, with ergovaline in the highest concentration. While most classes of horses are not adversely affected by average levels of ergovaline in pastures, late term pregnant mares have a low tolerance to ergovaline and the related ergot alkaloids. Endophyte-infected tall fescue has been known to cause prolonged gestation, thickened placenta, dystocia, agalactia, and foal and mare mortality. The University of Kentucky Horse Pasture Evaluation Program utilizes ergovaline and endophyte testing, as well as pasture species composition, to calculate ergovaline in the total diet in broodmare pastures. This data is used to develop detailed management recommendations for individual pastures. Application of these recommendations has led to reduced tall fescue toxicity symptoms on these farms, as well as improved pasture management and improved forage quality and quantity.

scholarly journals 111 Metsulfuron and variable nitrogen application rates on infected tall fescue: effects on stocker performance, forage yield, nutritive value, ergovaline concentration and botanical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Kevin R Meng ◽  
Eric Bailey ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Hannah Allen ◽  
Mikaela Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Application Rates

Abstract Chemical seed-head suppression of endophyte infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) improves stocker cattle performance but may decrease forage yield. Spring nitrogen application increases tall fescue growth with a concomitant increase in ergot alkaloids, produced by the symbiotic endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. We hypothesized that greater amounts of nitrogen applied to tall fescue would increase forage yield and offset losses in forage production from chemical suppression of seed-heads with metsulfuron without effect on alkaloid concentration. Ninety-six steers (270 ± 20 kg) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen paddocks (1.8 ha) on April 18 and continuously grazed for 57 d. Paddocks were blocked by previous use (n = 4) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments; no metsulfuron, no nitrogen (NEGCON), metsulfuron with 0 (MET0), 67 (MET67), or 134 (MET134) kg/ha of ammonium nitrate, applied March 11. Steers grazing MET0 paddocks were removed 17 d early due to insufficient forage availability. Steer weight, forage yield, forage nutritive value and ergot alkaloids in forage samples were measured monthly. Seed-head frequency and species composition were determined in June. Metsulfuron application reduced (P < 0.01) tall fescue seed-heads by 80%. Metsulfuron decreased (P = 0.03) ergovaline but ergovaline increased (P < 0.01) at each monthly sampling across treatments. Nitrogen had no impact on ergovaline concentration (P = 0.50). Forage yield tended to be least (P = 0.07) for MET0, intermediate for NEGCON and MET67, and tended to be greatest for MET134 (P = 0.08). Steer ADG was not affected by treatment (P < 0.80). Metsulfuron decreased NDF (P=0.02) regardless of fertilization rate. Forage CP increased with fertilization (P < 0.01) and no differences were detected between NEGCON and MET0 (P = 0.45). Species composition was not impacted (P >0.07) by treatment. Metsulfuron decreased seed-head growth and ergovaline concentration in tall fescue. Additional nitrogen fertilizer ameliorated forage yield lost to metsulfuron application but did not impact steer gain.

scholarly journals Control of Japanese Beetle and Masked Chafer Grubs with Halofenozide (RH-0345), 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
D. Held ◽  
D. A. Potter ◽  
C. Williamson ◽  
C. Keathley ◽  
B. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The University

Abstract This test was con ducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds < 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul. the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. Plots were sampled on 12 Sep by cutting a 3 X 1.5 foot strip, aboul 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. Sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs which were counted and identified.

scholarly journals Control of White Grubs with Halofenozide (RH-0345), 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
D. Held ◽  
D. A. Potter ◽  
C. Williamson ◽  
C. Keathley ◽  
B. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The University

Abstract This test was conducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1 st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds < 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul, the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. Plots were sampled on 14 Sep. A 3 X 1.5 ft strip, about 3” deep, was cut from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. The sod was rolled back and broken apart, and all grubs present were counted and identified.

Adapting a matrix organizational structure to the College of Dentistry at the University of Kentucky

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
DA Nash ◽  
EP Hicks ◽  
HR Laswell ◽  
GP Lewis ◽  
TT Lillich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
The University

Addressing on-farm management to enhance pasture productivity and persistence

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
W.N. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Attention To Detail

Following the 2007/08 drought, we experienced poor pasture production and persistence on our dairy farm in north Waikato, leading to decreased milksolids production and a greater reliance on bought-in feed. It is estimated that the cost of this to our farming operation was about $1300 per hectare per year in lost operating profit. While climate and black beetle were factors, they did not explain everything, and other factors were also involved. In the last 3 years we have changed our management strategies to better withstand dry summers, the catalyst for which was becoming the DairyNZ Pasture Improvement Focus Farm for the north Waikato. The major changes we made were to reduce stocking rate, actively manage pastures in summer to reduce over-grazing, and pay more attention to detail in our pasture renewal programme. To date the result has been a reduced need for pasture renewal, a lift in whole farm performance and increased profitability. Keywords: Focus farm, over-grazing, pasture management, pasture persistence, profitability

Performance of Tall Fescue Germplasms Bred for High- and Low-Ergot Alkaloids

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Hill ◽  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
F. N. Thompson ◽  
L. Hawkins ◽  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids

Effect of Bypass Protein on Milk Production and Economic of Lactating Crossbred Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RATNESH K CHOUDHARY ◽  
A Saran ROY ◽  
N K SINGH3 ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR ◽  
RAUSHAN K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Milk

An On-Farm Trial was conducted on 24 lactating crossbred cows for assessment of feeding formaldehyde treated mustard cake (bypass protein) on milk production and economic analysis of lactating cow. Cows were divided into three groups having 8 cows each, treatments were farmers’ practice (FP); (Control): The lactating animals under this group were fedas per the feeding schedule of the farmers (5 kg. dry roughage as rice straw + 6 hrs grazing as local grass and 4 kg. commercial concentrates), T1: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing the same amount of commercial concentrates andT2: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% formaldehyde treated mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing same amount of commercial concentrates. The average daily milk yield of lactating cows under FP, T1 and T2 was 8.58, 8.82 and 9.85 kg per cow, respectively. Differences between FP and T2 were significant. The daily increase in milk yield was 1.27 kg and 1.03 kg in cows fed T2diet over the cows fed FP and T1diet, respectively. The B: C ratios for FP, T1 and T2 groups were 2.6, 3.0 and 3.3, respectively. The feed cost reduced in T2 group by Rs. 8.64 and increased milk production by 1.27 kg in respect to FP group.

Performance of Tall Fescue Germplasms Bred for High‐ and Low‐Ergot Alkaloids

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Hill ◽  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
F. N. Thompson ◽  
L. Hawkins ◽  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids
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