scholarly journals aflN Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin and Conidiation in Aspergillus flavus

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Kunzhi Jia ◽  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Yipu Jia ◽  
Shuting Xu ◽  
Zhaoqi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
And Control

Aspergillus flavus poses a threat to society economy and public health due to aflatoxin production. aflN is a gene located in the aflatoxin gene cluster, but the function of AflN is undefined in Aspergillus flavus. In this study, aflN is knocked out and overexpressed to study the function of AflN. The results indicated that the loss of AflN leads to the defect of aflatoxin biosynthesis. AflN is also found to play a role in conidiation but not hyphal growth and sclerotia development. Moreover, AlfN is related to the response to environmental oxidative stress and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. At last, AflN is involved in the pathogenicity of Aspergillus flavus to host. These results suggested that AflN played important roles in aflatoxin biosynthesis, conidiation and reactive oxygen species generation in Aspergillus flavus, which will be helpful for the understanding of aflN function, and will be beneficial to the prevention and control of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins contamination.

Роль оксида азота в реализации антиоксидантного эффекта неопиатного аналога лей-энкефалина в сердце новорожденных белых крыс

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

The eff ect of the non-opiate analog of leu-enkephalin (peptide NALE: Phe – D – Ala – Gly – Phe – Leu – Arg) on the reactive oxygen species generation in the heart of albino rats in the early postnatal period was studied. Peptide NALE was administered intraperitoneally in the dose of 100 μ/kg daily from 2 to 6 days of life. Reactive oxygen species generation was assessed by chemiluminescence in the heart homogenates of 7-day-old animals. Decreasing of reactive oxygen species generation nearly by 30 % and an increasing in antioxidant system activity by the 20-27 %, compared with the control parameters, were found. The antioxidant eff ect of peptide NALE is associated with the presence of the amino acid Arg in the structure of the peptide. An analogue of NALE peptide, devoid of Arg (peptide Phe – D – Ala – Gly – Phe – Leu – Gly), had a signifi cant lower antioxidant eff ect. The NO-synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the dose 50 mg/kg, administered with NALE peptide, reduced the severity of the NALE antioxidant eff ect. The results of the study suggest that the pronounced antioxidant eff ect of NALE peptide in the heart of albino rats, at least in part, is due to the interaction with the nitric oxide system.

Stimulated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in the Spermatozoa of Infertile Men

1993 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Weese ◽  
Michael L. Peaster ◽  
Kyle K. Himsl ◽  
Gary E. Leach ◽  
Pramod M. Lad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Infertile Men

scholarly journals Melatonin Induces Melanogenesis in Human SK-MEL-1 Melanoma Cells Involving Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Reactive Oxygen Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4970
Author(s):  
Juan Perdomo ◽  
Carlos Quintana ◽  
Ignacio González ◽  
Inmaculada Hernández ◽  
Sara Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3Β ◽  
Human Melanoma Cells

Melatonin is present in all living organisms where it displays a diversity of physiological functions. Attenuation of melanogenesis by melatonin has been reported in some mammals and also in rodent melanoma cells. However, melatonin may also stimulate melanogenesis in human melanoma cells through mechanisms that have not yet been revealed. Using the human melanoma cells SK-MEL-1 as a model, an increase in both tyrosinase activity and melanin was already observed at 24 h after melatonin treatment with maximal levels of both being detected at 72 h. This effect was associated with the induction in the expression of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin. In this scenario, glycogen synthase kinase-3β seems to play a significant function since melatonin decreased its phosphorylation and preincubation with specific inhibitors of this protein kinase (lithium or BIO) reduced the expression and activity of tyrosinase. Blocking of PI3K/AKT pathway stimulated melanogenesis and the effect was suppressed by the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Although melatonin is a recognized antioxidant, we found that it stimulates reactive oxygen species generation in SK-MEL-1 cells. These chemical species seem to be an important signal in activating the melanogenic process since the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione decreased both the level and activity of tyrosinase stimulated by melatonin. Our results support the view that regulation of melanogenesis involves a cross-talk between several signaling pathways.

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