scholarly journals Sequence, Structure, and Binding Site Analysis of Kirkiin in Comparison with Ricin and Other Type 2 RIPs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Stefania Maiello ◽  
Rosario Iglesias ◽  
Letizia Polito ◽  
Lucía Citores ◽  
Massimo Bortolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
A Chain

Kirkiin is a new type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) purified from the caudex of Adenia kirkii with a cytotoxicity compared to that of stenodactylin. The high toxicity of RIPs from Adenia genus plants makes them interesting tools for biotechnology and therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer therapy. The complete amino acid sequence and 3D structure prediction of kirkiin are here reported. Gene sequence analysis revealed that kirkiin is encoded by a 1572 bp open reading frame, corresponding to 524 amino acid residues, without introns. The amino acid sequence analysis showed a high degree of identity with other Adenia RIPs. The 3D structure of kirkiin preserves the overall folding of type 2 RIPs. The key amino acids of the active site, described for ricin and other RIPs, are also conserved in the kirkiin A chain. Sugar affinity studies and docking experiments revealed that both the 1α and 2γ sites of the kirkiin B chain exhibit binding activity toward lactose and D-galactose, being lower than ricin. The replacement of His246 in the kirkiin 2γ site instead of Tyr248 in ricin causes a different structure arrangement that could explain the lower sugar affinity of kirkiin with respect to ricin.

scholarly journals Primary Sequence and 3D Structure Prediction of the Plant Toxin Stenodactylin

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Rosario Iglesias ◽  
Letizia Polito ◽  
Massimo Bortolotti ◽  
Manuela Pedrazzi ◽  
Lucía Citores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Primary Sequence ◽  
3D Structure Prediction ◽  
A Chain

Stenodactylin is one of the most potent type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs); its high toxicity has been demonstrated in several models both in vitro and in vivo. Due to its peculiarities, stenodactylin could have several medical and biotechnological applications in neuroscience and cancer treatment. In this work, we report the complete amino acid sequence of stenodactylin and 3D structure prediction. The comparison between the primary sequence of stenodactylin and other RIPs allowed us to identify homologies/differences and the amino acids involved in RIP toxic activity. Stenodactylin RNA was isolated from plant caudex, reverse transcribed through PCR and the cDNA was amplificated and cloned into a plasmid vector and further analyzed by sequencing. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that stenodactylin A and B chains contain 251 and 258 amino acids, respectively. The key amino acids of the active site described for ricin and most other RIPs are also conserved in the stenodactylin A chain. Stenodactylin amino acid sequence shows a high identity degree with volkensin (81.7% for A chain, 90.3% for B chain), whilst when compared with other type 2 RIPs the identity degree ranges from 27.7 to 33.0% for the A chain and from 42.1 to 47.7% for the B chain.

scholarly journals Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Stasiak ◽  
Magdalena Dunowska ◽  
Jerzy Rola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Equid Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Abstract Background Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infections are endemic worldwide, including Poland. Many are subclinical, but some are associated with respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal foal death, or neurological disease. We describe an outbreak of abortions in Arabian mares at a well-managed State stud farm in Poland. Case presentation Eight of 30 pregnant mares aborted and one gave birth to a weak foal that died within 72 h after birth. EHV-1 was isolated from all fetuses as well as from the diseased foal. All viruses belonged to the N752 variant based on the predicted open reading frame (ORF) 30 amino acid sequence. All were identical to each other and to previous EHV-1 viruses from the same stud based on the ORF68 sequence analysis. The outbreak coincided with the lapse in the routine yearly EHV-1/4 vaccinations of the mares. Conclusions Multiple abortion due to EHV-1 infection can occur in well-managed groups of horses. Reactivation of latent EHV-1 in one of the resident mares followed by a horizontal spread was considered the most likely explanation for the outbreak. Routine vaccination is an important part of a herd-heath program.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase from spinach chloroplasts

1991 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dumas ◽  
M Lebrun ◽  
R Douce
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Protein Precursor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Full Length Cdna

Acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase (AHRI), the second enzyme in the parallel isoleucine/valine-biosynthetic pathway, catalyses an unusual two-step reaction in which the substrate, either 2-acetolactate or 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate, is converted via an alkyl migration and an NADPH-dependent reduction to give 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyrate or 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate respectively. We have isolated and characterized a full-length cDNA from a lambda gt11 spinach library encoding the complete acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase protein precursor. The 2050-nucleotide sequence contains a 1785-nucleotide open reading frame. The derived amino acid sequence indicates that the protein precursor consists of 595 amino acid residues including a presequence peptide of 72 amino acid residues. The N-terminal sequence of the first 16 amino acid residues of the purified AHRI confirms the identity of the cDNA. The derived amino acid sequence from this open reading frame shows 23% identity with the deduced amino acid sequences of the Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae AHRI proteins. There are two blocks of conserved amino acid residues in these three proteins. One of these is a sequence similar to the ‘fingerprint’ region of the NAD(P)H-binding site found in a large number of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases. The other, a short sequence (Lys-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Ser-His-Gly-Phe) containing the amino acids lysine and histidine, could well be the catalytic site of the first step of the AHRI reaction. Southern-blot analysis indicated that AHRI is encoded by a single gene per haploid genome of about 7.5 kbp containing at least four introns.

scholarly journals Partial amino acid sequence of rat pre-prolactin

1977 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Maurer ◽  
J Gorski ◽  
D J McKean
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Partial Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Considerable Similarity ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Methionine Residues

Rat pituitary mRNA was used to direct the cell-free synthesis of pre-prolactin labelled with [4,5-3H]leucine and either [35S] methioninc or [35S] cystine. Sequence analysis of the labelled protein indicates that pre-prolactin has 29 amino acid residues joined to the N-terminus of the prolactin sequence. Leucine residues were found at positions 13, 14, 15, 16, 21 and 22, methionine residues at positions 1, 17 and 18, and a cysteine residue at position 24 of the precursor sequence, and this partial sequence shows considerable similarity with other precursors that have been sequenced.

scholarly journals Primary structure of the cytosolic β-glucosidase of guinea pig liver

1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S HAYS ◽  
Steven A. JENISON ◽  
Takashi YAMADA ◽  
Andrzej PASTUSZYN ◽  
Robert H. GLEW
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

The cytosolic β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) present in the livers of mammalian species is distinguished by its broad specificity for sugars and its preference for hydrophobic aglycones. We purified the cytosolic β-glucosidase from guinea pig liver and sequenced 142 amino acid residues contained within 12 trypsin digest fragments. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers deduced from the peptide sequences, a 622 bp cytosolic β-glucosidase cDNA was amplified by reverse-transcriptase PCR, using total guinea pig liver RNA as template. The ‘rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)’ method [Frohman (1993) Methods Enzymol. 218, 340–356] was used to synthesize the remaining segments of the full-length cDNA. The complete cDNA contained 1671 nucleotides with an open reading frame coding for 469 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence included the amino acid sequences of all 12 trypsin digest fragments derived from the purified enzyme. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the guinea pig liver cytosolic β-glucosidase is a Family 1 β-glycosidase and that it is most closely related to mammalian lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. These results suggest that the cytosolic β-glucosidase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase diverged from a common evolutionary precursor.

scholarly journals Completion of the amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement

1982 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K B M Reid ◽  
J Gagnon ◽  
J Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Human Complement ◽  
Major Site ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Asparagine Residue

The sequences of amino acid residues 109-224 of the A chain, and residues 109-22 of the B chain, of human subcomponent C1q are given. These results, along with previously published sequence data on the N-terminal, collagen-like, regions of the A and B chains [Reid (1979) Biochem. J. 179, 367-371] yield the complete amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of subcomponent C1q. The asparagine residue at position A-124 has been identified as the major site of asparagine-linked carbohydrate in subcomponent C1q. When the sequences of the C-terminal, 135-residue-long, ‘globular’ regions of A and B chains are compared they show 40% homology. The degree of homology over certain stretches of 15-20 residues, within the C-terminal regions, rises up to values of 73%, indicating the presence of strongly conserved structures. Structure prediction studies indicate that both the A and B chain C-terminal regions may adopt a predominantly beta-type structure with apparently little alpha-helical structure.

scholarly journals Protein structure prediction

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 1840009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyou Deng ◽  
Ya Jia ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Computational Biology ◽  
Protein Structure Prediction ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Recent Effort

Predicting 3D structure of protein from its amino acid sequence is one of the most important unsolved problems in biophysics and computational biology. This paper attempts to give a comprehensive introduction of the most recent effort and progress on protein structure prediction. Following the general flowchart of structure prediction, related concepts and methods are presented and discussed. Moreover, brief introductions are made to several widely-used prediction methods and the community-wide critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP) experiments.

PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION BASED ON MAIN CHAIN ANGLE USING A HYBRID BEES COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAKARIA N. MAHMOOD ◽  
MASSUDI MAHMUDDIN ◽  
MOHAMMED NOORALDEEN MAHMOOD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Protein Tertiary Structure

Encoding proteins of amino acid sequence to predict classified into their respective families and subfamilies is important research area. However for a given protein, knowing the exact action whether hormonal, enzymatic, transmembranal or nuclear receptors does not depend solely on amino acid sequence but on the way the amino acid thread folds as well. This study provides a prototype system that able to predict a protein tertiary structure. Several methods are used to develop and evaluate the system to produce better accuracy in protein 3D structure prediction. The Bees Optimization algorithm which inspired from the honey bees food foraging method, is used in the searching phase. In this study, the experiment is conducted on short sequence proteins that have been used by the previous researches using well-known tools. The proposed approach shows a promising result.

scholarly journals The shdA Gene Is Restricted to Serotypes ofSalmonella enterica Subspecies I and Contributes to Efficient and Prolonged Fecal Shedding

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2720-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kingsley ◽  
Karin van Amsterdam ◽  
Naomi Kramer ◽  
Andreas J. Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACT Little is known about factors which enable Salmonellaserotypes to circulate within populations of livestock and domestic fowl. We have identified a DNA region which is present inSalmonella serotypes commonly isolated from livestock and domestic fowl (S. enterica subspecies I) but absent from reptile-associated Salmonella serotypes (S. bongori and S. enterica subspecies II to VII). This DNA region was cloned from Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and sequence analysis revealed the presence of a 6,105-bp open reading frame, designated shdA, whose product's deduced amino acid sequence displayed homology to that of AIDA-I from diarrheagenicEscherichia coli, MisL of serotype Typhimurium, and IcsA ofShigella flexneri. The shdA gene was located adjacent to xseA at 52 min, in a 30-kb DNA region which is not present in Escherichia coli K-12. A serotype Typhimurium shdA mutant was shed with the feces in reduced numbers and for a shorter period of time compared to its isogenic parent. A possible role for the shdA gene during the expansion in host range of S. enterica subspecies I to include warm-blooded vertebrates is discussed.

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