scholarly journals Dark Matter Axions, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Constraints on Them from Recent Measurements of the Casimir Force in the Micrometer Separation Range

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Galina L. Klimchitskaya ◽  
Vladimir M. Mostepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Casimir Force ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Yukawa Interaction ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Differential Measurement ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
Coated Surfaces

We consider axionlike particles as the most probable constituents of dark matter, the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton’s gravitational law and constraints on their parameters following from astrophysics and different laboratory experiments. After a brief discussion of the results by Prof. Yu. N. Gnedin in this field, we turn our attention to the recent experiment on measuring the differential Casimir force between Au-coated surfaces of a sphere and the top and bottom of rectangular trenches. In this experiment, the Casimir force was measured over an unusually wide separation region from 0.2 to 8μm and compared with the exact theory based on first principles of quantum electrodynamics at nonzero temperature. We use the measure of agreement between experiment and theory to obtain the constraints on the coupling constant of axionlike particles to nucleons and on the interaction strength of a Yukawa-type interaction. The constraints obtained on the axion-to-nucleon coupling constant and on the strength of a Yukawa interaction are stronger by factors of 4 and 24, respectively, than those found previously from gravitational experiments and measurements of the Casimir force but weaker than the constraints following from a differential measurement where the Casimir force was nullified. Some other already performed and planned experiments aimed at searching for axions and non-Newtonian gravity are discussed, and their prospects are evaluated.

scholarly journals Prospects for Searching Thermal Effects, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Axion-Like Particles: Cannex Test of the Quantum Vacuum

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Klimchitskaya ◽  
Vladimir Mostepanenko ◽  
René Sedmik ◽  
Hartmut Abele
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Type Interaction

We consider the Cannex (Casimir And Non-Newtonian force EXperiment) test of the quantum vacuum intended for measuring the gradient of the Casimir pressure between two flat parallel plates at large separations and constraining parameters of the chameleon model of dark energy in cosmology. A modification of the measurement scheme is proposed that allows simultaneous measurements of both the Casimir pressure and its gradient in one experiment. It is shown that with several improvements the Cannex test will be capable to strengthen the constraints on the parameters of the Yukawa-type interaction by up to an order of magnitude over a wide interaction range. The constraints on the coupling constants between nucleons and axion-like particles, which are considered as the most probable constituents of dark matter, could also be strengthened over a region of axion masses from 1 to 100 meV.

scholarly journals The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Mostepanenko ◽  
Galina L. Klimchitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Casimir Force ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Weakly Interacting Particles

Constraints on the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton’s gravitational law and on the coupling constant of axionlike particles to nucleons obtained from different laboratory experiments are reviewed and compared. The constraints on non-Newtonian gravity under discussion cover the wide interaction range from nanometers to millimeters and follow from the experiments on neutron scattering, measuring the Casimir force and Cavendish-type experiments. The constraints on the axion-to-nucleon coupling constant following from the magnetometer measurements, Cavendish-type experiments, Casimir physics, and experiments with beams of molecular hydrogen are considered, which refer to the region of axion masses from 10−10 to 200 eV. Particular attention is given to the recent constraints obtained from measuring the Casimir force at nanometer separation distance between the test bodies. Several proposed experiments focussed on constraining the non-Newtonian gravity, axionlike particles and other hypothetical weakly interacting particles, such as chameleons and symmetrons, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Search for Feebly Interacting Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Gaia Lanfranchi ◽  
Maxim Pospelov ◽  
Philip Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

At the dawn of a new decade, particle physics faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over antimatter in the Universe, the apparent fine-tuning of the electroweak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves New Physics at mass scales comparable to that of familiar matter—below the GeV scale but with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and existing data may even provide hints of this possibility. Emboldened by the lessons of the LHC, a vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is underway, guided by a systematic theoretical approach that is firmly grounded in the underlying principles of the Standard Model. We give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs, and we focus in particular on accelerator-based experiments.

scholarly journals Constraining the interaction strength between dark matter and visible matter: I. Fermionic dark matter

2012 ◽  
Vol 854 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ming Zheng ◽  
Zhao-Huan Yu ◽  
Jun-Wen Shao ◽  
Xiao-Jun Bi ◽  
Zhibing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Visible Matter

scholarly journals Limits on CP-violating hadronic interactions and proton EDM from paramagnetic molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Flambaum ◽  
I. B. Samsonov ◽  
H. B. Tran Tan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nucleon Interaction ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Electron Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Paramagnetic Molecules ◽  
Magnetic Electron

Abstract Experiments with paramagnetic ground or metastable excited states of molecules (ThO, HfF+, YbF, YbOH, BaF, PbO, etc.) provide strong constraints on the electron electric dipole moment (EDM) and the coupling constant CSP of contact semileptonic interaction. We compute new contributions to CSP arising from the nucleon EDMs due to the combined electric and magnetic electron-nucleon interaction. This allows us to improve limits from the experiments with paramagnetic molecules on the CP-violating parameters, such as the proton EDM, |dp| < 1.1 × 10−23e·cm, the QCD vacuum angle, $$ \left|\overline{\theta}\right| $$ θ ¯ < 1.4 × 10−8, as well as the quark chromo-EDMs and the π-meson-nucleon couplings. Our results may also be used to search for the axion dark matter which produces oscillating $$ \overline{\theta} $$ θ ¯ .

LIMITS ON NON-NEWTONIAN GRAVITY AND HYPOTHETICAL FORCES FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE CASIMIR FORCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2222-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CHEN ◽  
U. MOHIDEEN ◽  
P. W. MILONNI
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Casimir Force ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
New Particles

Modern unification theories that seek to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces predict a host of new particles outside the standard model. Many also invoke extra dimensions. Both of these effects lead to deviations from Newtonian gravity. For sub micron distance between two bodies, the Casimir force far exceeds the gravitational force. Thus both understanding and using the Casimir force is very important for checking the relevance of these unification theories. In particular, measurements of the Casimir force has allowed one to set some of the strongest constraints for corresponding distance regions. This paper summarizes the techniques used to measure the Casimir force and some of the limits that follow from them.

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